Merge pull request #381 from fosrl/dev

Remove binary

Former-commit-id: 247691609f

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1.bug_report.yml

@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ body:
           label: Environment
           description: Please fill out the relevant details below for your environment.
           value: |
-              - OS Type & Version: (e.g., Ubuntu 22.04)
+              - OS Type & Version:
               - Pangolin Version:
+              - Edition (Community or Enterprise):
               - Gerbil Version:
               - Traefik Version:
               - Newt Version:
-              - Olm Version: (if applicable)
+              - Client Version:
       validations:
           required: true
 

.github/workflows/cicd.yml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "image_created=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Configure AWS credentials (OIDC)
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@8df5847569e6427dd6c4fb1cf565c83acfa8afa7 # v6.0.0
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@d979d5b3a71173a29b74b5b88418bfda9437d885 # v6.1.1
         with:
           role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::${{ secrets.AWS_ACCOUNT_ID }}:role/${{ secrets.AWS_ROLE_NAME }}
           role-duration-seconds: 3600
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ jobs:
       #  uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
       #- name: Set up Docker Buildx
-      #  uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
+      #  uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
@@ -264,12 +264,12 @@ jobs:
           echo "DOCKERHUB_IMAGE=${DOCKERHUB_IMAGE,,}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
 
       # Build ONLY amd64 and push arch-specific tag suffixes used later for manifest creation.
       - name: Build and push (amd64 -> *:amd64-TAG)
         id: build_amd
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@f9f3042f7e2789586610d6e8b85c8f03e5195baf # v7.2.0
         with:
           context: .
           push: true
@@ -389,12 +389,12 @@ jobs:
           echo "DOCKERHUB_IMAGE=${DOCKERHUB_IMAGE,,}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
 
       # Build ONLY arm64 and push arch-specific tag suffixes used later for manifest creation.
       - name: Build and push (arm64 -> *:arm64-TAG)
         id: build_arm
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@f9f3042f7e2789586610d6e8b85c8f03e5195baf # v7.2.0
         with:
           context: .
           push: true
@@ -507,11 +507,11 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
 
       - name: Build and push (arm/v7 -> *:armv7-TAG)
         id: build_armv7
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@f9f3042f7e2789586610d6e8b85c8f03e5195baf # v7.2.0
         with:
           context: .
           push: true
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "DOCKERHUB_IMAGE=${DOCKERHUB_IMAGE,,}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx (needed for imagetools)
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
 
       - name: Create & push multi-arch index (GHCR :TAG) via imagetools
         shell: bash
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "Checked out $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) for tag ${TAG}"
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@7a3fe6cf4cb3a834922a1244abfce67bcef6a0c5 # v6.2.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
 
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install -y jq
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx (needed for imagetools)
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
 
       - name: Resolve multi-arch digest refs (by TAG)
         shell: bash
@@ -750,9 +750,9 @@ jobs:
           show-summary: true
 
       - name: Install cosign
-        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@cad07c2e89fa2edd6e2d7bab4c1aa38e53f76003 # v4.1.1
+        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@6f9f17788090df1f26f669e9d70d6ae9567deba6 # v4.1.2
         with:
-          cosign-release: "v3.0.2"
+          cosign-release: v3.0.6
 
       - name: Sanity check cosign private key
         env:
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ jobs:
           cosign public-key --key env://COSIGN_PRIVATE_KEY >/dev/null
 
       - name: Generate SBOM (SPDX JSON) from GHCR digest
-        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@57a97c7e7821a5776cebc9bb87c984fa69cba8f1 # v0.35.0
+        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@ed142fd0673e97e23eac54620cfb913e5ce36c25 # v0.36.0
         with:
           image-ref: ${{ env.GHCR_REF }}
           format: spdx-json
@@ -897,14 +897,29 @@ jobs:
           set -euo pipefail
           make -j 10 go-build-release VERSION="${TAG}"
 
+      - name: Build Advantech packages
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          ADVANTECH_DIR="packages/advantech"
+
+          mkdir -p "${ADVANTECH_DIR}/bin"
+          install -m 0755 "bin/newt_linux_arm64" "${ADVANTECH_DIR}/bin/newt_linux_arm64"
+          install -m 0755 "bin/newt_linux_arm32" "${ADVANTECH_DIR}/bin/newt_linux_arm32"
+
+          for platform in v2 v2i v3 v4 v4i; do
+            make -C "${ADVANTECH_DIR}" PLATFORM="${platform}"
+          done
+
       - name: Create GitHub Release (draft)
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@153bb8e04406b158c6c84fc1615b65b24149a1fe # v2.6.1
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@b4309332981a82ec1c5618f44dd2e27cc8bfbfda # v3.0.0
         with:
           tag_name: ${{ env.TAG }}
           generate_release_notes: true
           prerelease: ${{ env.IS_RC == 'true' }}
           files: |
             bin/*
+            packages/advantech/*.tgz
           fail_on_unmatched_files: true
           draft: true
           body: |
@@ -925,7 +940,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions: write-all
     steps:
       - name: Configure AWS credentials (OIDC)
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@8df5847569e6427dd6c4fb1cf565c83acfa8afa7 # v6.0.0
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@d979d5b3a71173a29b74b5b88418bfda9437d885 # v6.1.1
         with:
           role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::${{ secrets.AWS_ACCOUNT_ID }}:role/${{ secrets.AWS_ROLE_NAME }}
           role-duration-seconds: 3600

.github/workflows/mirror.yaml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
           skopeo --version
 
       - name: Install cosign
-        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@cad07c2e89fa2edd6e2d7bab4c1aa38e53f76003 # v4.1.1
+        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@6f9f17788090df1f26f669e9d70d6ae9567deba6 # v4.1.2
 
       - name: Input check
         run: |

.github/workflows/stale-bot.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
   stale:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@b5d41d4e1d5dceea10e7104786b73624c18a190f # v10.2.0
+      - uses: actions/stale@eb5cf3af3ac0a1aa4c9c45633dd1ae542a27a899 # v10.3.0
         with:
           days-before-stale: 14
           days-before-close: 14

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -10,6 +10,20 @@ on:
       - dev
 
 jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+
+      - name: Run Go tests
+        run: make test
+
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
@@ -31,9 +45,9 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@7a3fe6cf4cb3a834922a1244abfce67bcef6a0c5 # v6.2.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
         with:
-          go-version: 1.25
+          go-version-file: go.mod
 
       - name: Build targets via `make`
         run: make ${{ matrix.target }}

Dockerfile

@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates tzdata iputils
 COPY --from=builder /newt /usr/local/bin/
 COPY entrypoint.sh /
 
+# Marks this as an official Fossorial container image.
+# Auto-update is disabled in official images — update by pulling a new image tag.
+ENV NEWT_SYSTEM_SUBSTRATE="CONTAINER"
+
 # Admin/metrics endpoint (Prometheus scrape)
 EXPOSE 2112
 

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: all local docker-build docker-build-release
+.PHONY: all local test docker-build docker-build-release
 
 all: local
 
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ VERSION ?= dev
 LDFLAGS = -X main.newtVersion=$(VERSION)
 
 local:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o ./bin/newt
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=$(shell go env GOOS)_$(shell go env GOARCH)" -o ./bin/newt
+
+test:
+	go test ./...
 
 docker-build:
 	docker build -t fosrl/newt:latest .
@@ -43,31 +46,31 @@ go-build-release: \
     go-build-release-freebsd-arm64
 
 go-build-release-linux-arm64:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_linux_arm64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=linux_arm64" -o bin/newt_linux_arm64
 
 go-build-release-linux-arm32-v7:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_linux_arm32
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=linux_arm32" -o bin/newt_linux_arm32
 
 go-build-release-linux-arm32-v6:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=6 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_linux_arm32v6
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=6 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=linux_arm32v6" -o bin/newt_linux_arm32v6
 
 go-build-release-linux-amd64:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_linux_amd64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=linux_amd64" -o bin/newt_linux_amd64
 
 go-build-release-linux-riscv64:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=riscv64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_linux_riscv64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=riscv64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=linux_riscv64" -o bin/newt_linux_riscv64
 
 go-build-release-darwin-arm64:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_darwin_arm64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=darwin_arm64" -o bin/newt_darwin_arm64
 
 go-build-release-darwin-amd64:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_darwin_amd64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=darwin_amd64" -o bin/newt_darwin_amd64
 
 go-build-release-windows-amd64:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_windows_amd64.exe
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=windows_amd64" -o bin/newt_windows_amd64.exe
 
 go-build-release-freebsd-amd64:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=freebsd GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_freebsd_amd64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=freebsd GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=freebsd_amd64" -o bin/newt_freebsd_amd64
 
 go-build-release-freebsd-arm64:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=freebsd GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o bin/newt_freebsd_arm64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=freebsd GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS) -X main.newtPlatform=freebsd_arm64" -o bin/newt_freebsd_arm64

authdaemon.go

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func startAuthDaemon(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 	// Start the auth daemon in a goroutine so it runs alongside newt
 	go func() {
-		logger.Info("Auth daemon starting (native mode, no HTTP server)")
+		logger.Debug("Auth daemon starting (native mode, no HTTP server)")
 		if err := srv.Run(ctx); err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Auth daemon error: %v", err)
 		}

authdaemon/connection.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func (s *Server) ProcessConnection(req ConnectionRequest) {
 	if err := ensureUser(req.Username, req.Metadata, s.cfg.GenerateRandomPassword); err != nil {
 		logger.Warn("auth-daemon: ensure user: %v", err)
 	}
-	if cfg.PrincipalsFilePath != "" {
+	if cfg.PrincipalsFilePath != "" && req.NiceId != "" {
 		if err := writePrincipals(cfg.PrincipalsFilePath, req.Username, req.NiceId); err != nil {
 			logger.Warn("auth-daemon: write principals: %v", err)
 		}

authdaemon/routes.go

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ func (s *Server) registerRoutes() {
 // ConnectionMetadata is the metadata object in POST /connection.
 type ConnectionMetadata struct {
 	SudoMode     string   `json:"sudoMode"`     // "none" | "full" | "commands"
-	SudoCommands []string `json:"sudoCommands"`  // used when sudoMode is "commands"
+	SudoCommands []string `json:"sudoCommands"` // used when sudoMode is "commands"
 	Homedir      bool     `json:"homedir"`
-	Groups       []string `json:"groups"`        // system groups to add the user to
+	Groups       []string `json:"groups"` // system groups to add the user to
 }
 
 // ConnectionRequest is the JSON body for POST /connection.

authdaemon/server.go

@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ import (
 
 type Config struct {
 	// DisableHTTPS: when true, Run() does not start the HTTPS server (for embedded use inside Newt). Call ProcessConnection directly for connection events.
-	DisableHTTPS       bool
-	Port               int    // Required when DisableHTTPS is false. Listen port for the HTTPS server. No default.
-	PresharedKey       string // Required when DisableHTTPS is false. HTTP auth (Authorization: Bearer <key> or X-Preshared-Key: <key>). No default.
-	CACertPath         string // Required. Where to write the CA cert (e.g. /etc/ssh/ca.pem). No default.
-	Force                   bool   // If true, overwrite existing CA cert (and other items) when content differs. Default false.
-	PrincipalsFilePath      string // Required. Path to the principals data file (JSON: username -> array of principals). No default.
-	GenerateRandomPassword  bool   // If true, set a random password on users when they are provisioned (for SSH PermitEmptyPasswords no).
+	DisableHTTPS           bool
+	Port                   int    // Required when DisableHTTPS is false. Listen port for the HTTPS server. No default.
+	PresharedKey           string // Required when DisableHTTPS is false. HTTP auth (Authorization: Bearer <key> or X-Preshared-Key: <key>). No default.
+	CACertPath             string // Required. Where to write the CA cert (e.g. /etc/ssh/ca.pem). No default.
+	Force                  bool   // If true, overwrite existing CA cert (and other items) when content differs. Default false.
+	PrincipalsFilePath     string // Required. Path to the principals data file (JSON: username -> array of principals). No default.
+	GenerateRandomPassword bool   // If true, set a random password on users when they are provisioned (for SSH PermitEmptyPasswords no).
 }
 
 type Server struct {
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func NewServer(cfg Config) (*Server, error) {
 // When DisableHTTPS is true, Run() blocks on ctx only and does not listen; use ProcessConnection for connection events.
 func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if s.cfg.DisableHTTPS {
-		logger.Info("auth-daemon running (HTTPS disabled)")
+		logger.Debug("auth-daemon running (HTTPS disabled)")
 		<-ctx.Done()
 		s.cleanupPrincipalsFile()
 		return nil

browsergateway/browsergateway.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package browsergateway
+
+import (
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/nativessh"
+)
+
+// Forwarding buffer size. RDP graphics traffic is bursty and TLS records cap
+// at ~16 KiB, so 64 KiB lets a couple of records pile up per syscall/frame
+// without wasting memory per session.
+const forwardBufSize = 64 * 1024
+
+// ListenPort is the port the browser gateway HTTP server listens on inside the
+// WireGuard netstack. This is a fixed value shared between newt and pangolin.
+// Targets do not overlap with this port because they start at 40000.
+const ListenPort = 39999
+
+// Target represents an allowed proxy destination for the browser gateway.
+// Only connections whose (Type, Destination, DestinationPort, AuthToken) match a
+// registered Target will be forwarded; all others are rejected.
+type Target struct {
+	ID              int
+	Type            string // "rdp" | "ssh" | "vnc"
+	Destination     string
+	DestinationPort int
+	AuthToken       string // per-target secret; must match the token supplied by the client
+}
+
+// Config holds the configuration for a Gateway.
+type Config struct {
+	// AuthToken is used only for NativeSSH mode (which has no external target
+	// to match against). For all proxy targets (RDP/SSH/VNC), auth tokens are
+	// stored per-Target and validated by isAllowed.
+	AuthToken string
+	// SSHCredentials are used by native SSH browser sessions for certificate
+	// validation against the in-memory CA/principal store.
+	SSHCredentials *nativessh.CredentialStore
+}
+
+// Gateway is a browser-based RDP/SSH/VNC WebSocket proxy.
+// Create one with New and mount it via RegisterHandlers or the individual
+// HandleRDP / HandleSSH / HandleVNC http.HandlerFunc methods.
+type Gateway struct {
+	authToken string
+	sshCreds  *nativessh.CredentialStore
+
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	targets map[int]Target // keyed by Target.ID
+
+	server *http.Server
+}
+
+// New creates a new Gateway from the provided Config.
+func New(cfg Config) *Gateway {
+	return &Gateway{
+		authToken: cfg.AuthToken,
+		sshCreds:  cfg.SSHCredentials,
+		targets:   make(map[int]Target),
+	}
+}
+
+// SetTargets replaces the entire allowed-destination list atomically.
+func (g *Gateway) SetTargets(targets []Target) {
+	g.mu.Lock()
+	defer g.mu.Unlock()
+	g.targets = make(map[int]Target, len(targets))
+	for _, t := range targets {
+		g.targets[t.ID] = t
+	}
+}
+
+// AddTarget adds or updates a single allowed destination.
+func (g *Gateway) AddTarget(t Target) {
+	g.mu.Lock()
+	defer g.mu.Unlock()
+	g.targets[t.ID] = t
+}
+
+// RemoveTarget removes an allowed destination by its ID.
+func (g *Gateway) RemoveTarget(id int) {
+	g.mu.Lock()
+	defer g.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(g.targets, id)
+}
+
+// isAllowed reports whether a connection to (targetType, host, port) with the
+// given authToken is permitted. The token is compared against the per-target
+// AuthToken using constant-time comparison to prevent timing attacks.
+func (g *Gateway) isAllowed(targetType, host string, port int, authToken string) bool {
+	g.mu.RLock()
+	defer g.mu.RUnlock()
+	for _, t := range g.targets {
+		if t.Type == targetType && t.Destination == host && t.DestinationPort == port {
+			return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(authToken), []byte(t.AuthToken)) == 1
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// isTokenValid reports whether the given authToken matches any registered
+// target of the specified type. Used for native SSH mode where there is no
+// external destination to match against.
+func (g *Gateway) isTokenValid(targetType, authToken string) bool {
+	g.mu.RLock()
+	defer g.mu.RUnlock()
+	for _, t := range g.targets {
+		if t.Type == targetType {
+			if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(authToken), []byte(t.AuthToken)) == 1 {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Start serves the browser gateway HTTP server on the provided listener.
+// It returns nil when the listener is closed (normal shutdown).
+func (g *Gateway) Start(ln net.Listener) error {
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	g.RegisterHandlers(mux)
+	g.server = &http.Server{Handler: mux}
+	err := g.server.Serve(ln)
+	if err == nil ||
+		errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) ||
+		errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) ||
+		strings.Contains(err.Error(), "use of closed") ||
+		strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid state") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// RegisterHandlers registers the /rdp, /ssh, and /vnc routes on mux.
+func (g *Gateway) RegisterHandlers(mux *http.ServeMux) {
+	mux.HandleFunc("/gateway/rdp", g.HandleRDP)
+	mux.HandleFunc("/gateway/ssh", g.HandleSSH)
+	mux.HandleFunc("/gateway/vnc", g.handleVNC)
+}

browsergateway/rdcleanpath.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package browsergateway
+
+import (
+	"encoding/asn1"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+// RDCleanPath PDU version (BASE_VERSION + 1 = 3389 + 1).
+const rdCleanPathVersion = int64(3390)
+
+// rdCleanPathPdu is a Go translation of the ASN.1 SEQUENCE defined in the
+// ironrdp-rdcleanpath crate. All optional fields use EXPLICIT context-specific
+// tagging, matching the Rust `der::Sequence` derivation with
+// `tag_mode = "EXPLICIT"`.
+//
+// We only need a subset of fields for the basic proxy flow, but the struct
+// declares every tag we may encounter so that decoding does not fail on an
+// unexpected element.
+type rdCleanPathPdu struct {
+	Version           int64    `asn1:"explicit,tag:0"`
+	Destination       string   `asn1:"explicit,tag:2,optional,utf8"`
+	ProxyAuth         string   `asn1:"explicit,tag:3,optional,utf8"`
+	ServerAuth        string   `asn1:"explicit,tag:4,optional,utf8"`
+	PreconnectionBlob string   `asn1:"explicit,tag:5,optional,utf8"`
+	X224              []byte   `asn1:"explicit,tag:6,optional"`
+	ServerCertChain   [][]byte `asn1:"explicit,tag:7,optional"`
+	ServerAddr        string   `asn1:"explicit,tag:9,optional,utf8"`
+}
+
+// decodeRDCleanPathRequest parses a client-to-proxy RDCleanPath PDU.
+func decodeRDCleanPathRequest(buf []byte) (*rdCleanPathPdu, error) {
+	var pdu rdCleanPathPdu
+	rest, err := asn1.Unmarshal(buf, &pdu)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asn1 unmarshal: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(rest) != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("trailing data after RDCleanPath PDU: %d bytes", len(rest))
+	}
+	if pdu.Version != rdCleanPathVersion {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RDCleanPath version: %d", pdu.Version)
+	}
+	return &pdu, nil
+}
+
+// encodeRDCleanPathResponse builds a proxy-to-client RDCleanPath response PDU
+// containing the server address, X.224 connection confirm and server TLS chain.
+func encodeRDCleanPathResponse(serverAddr string, x224Rsp []byte, certChain [][]byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	pdu := rdCleanPathPdu{
+		Version:         rdCleanPathVersion,
+		X224:            x224Rsp,
+		ServerCertChain: certChain,
+		ServerAddr:      serverAddr,
+	}
+	return asn1.Marshal(pdu)
+}
+
+// detectRDCleanPathLength returns the total DER length of an RDCleanPath PDU
+// if enough bytes are available, otherwise -1.
+//
+// The PDU is a DER SEQUENCE, which begins with the universal SEQUENCE tag
+// (0x30) followed by a length octet/octets. We parse just enough to know the
+// total length so we can buffer accordingly.
+func detectRDCleanPathLength(buf []byte) int {
+	if len(buf) < 2 {
+		return -1
+	}
+	if buf[0] != 0x30 {
+		// Not a SEQUENCE: cannot be RDCleanPath.
+		return -2
+	}
+	l := buf[1]
+	if l < 0x80 {
+		return 2 + int(l)
+	}
+	n := int(l & 0x7f)
+	if n == 0 || n > 4 {
+		return -2
+	}
+	if len(buf) < 2+n {
+		return -1
+	}
+	total := 0
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		total = (total << 8) | int(buf[2+i])
+	}
+	return 2 + n + total
+}

browsergateway/rdp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+package browsergateway
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+)
+
+// HandleRDP is an http.HandlerFunc for RDP-over-WebSocket connections.
+func (g *Gateway) HandleRDP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ctx := r.Context()
+	ws, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true, // any-origin: minimal dev proxy with no auth
+		Subprotocols:       []string{"binary"},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("websocket upgrade failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Disable per-message read size cap (default is 32 KiB which would break
+	// large RDP graphics messages).
+	ws.SetReadLimit(-1)
+	defer ws.CloseNow() //nolint:errcheck
+
+	if err := g.serveSession(ctx, ws); err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("session error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *Gateway) serveSession(ctx context.Context, ws *websocket.Conn) error {
+	// Expose the WebSocket as a streaming net.Conn. Binary messages are
+	// concatenated into a byte stream and writes become single binary frames.
+	// This is a thin wrapper with no per-message goroutine, unlike Gorilla.
+	stream := websocket.NetConn(ctx, ws, websocket.MessageBinary)
+	defer stream.Close() //nolint:errcheck
+
+	// -- Read the initial RDCleanPath request from the client --
+	pdu, err := readCleanPath(stream)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read RDCleanPath: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if pdu.Destination == "" {
+		return errors.New("RDCleanPath missing destination")
+	}
+	if len(pdu.X224) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("RDCleanPath missing X224 connection PDU")
+	}
+
+	target := pdu.Destination
+	// Default port for RDP if not specified.
+	if _, _, splitErr := net.SplitHostPort(target); splitErr != nil {
+		target = net.JoinHostPort(target, "3389")
+	}
+
+	// Validate destination against the registered target allowlist,
+	// including per-target auth token.
+	rdpHost, rdpPortStr, _ := net.SplitHostPort(target)
+	rdpPort, _ := strconv.Atoi(rdpPortStr)
+	if !g.isAllowed("rdp", rdpHost, rdpPort, pdu.ProxyAuth) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("RDP destination %s is not in the allowed target list or auth token mismatch", target)
+	}
+
+	logger.Debug("Connecting to RDP server %s", target)
+
+	// -- Open TCP connection to the destination RDP server --
+	serverTCP, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", target, 15*time.Second)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", target, err)
+	}
+	defer serverTCP.Close()
+	if tcp, ok := serverTCP.(*net.TCPConn); ok {
+		// NoDelay is Go's default; set explicitly. RDP wants low latency for
+		// input echo, and the bulk path is naturally chunked by TLS records.
+		_ = tcp.SetNoDelay(true)
+		_ = tcp.SetKeepAlive(true)
+		_ = tcp.SetKeepAlivePeriod(30 * time.Second)
+		_ = tcp.SetReadBuffer(forwardBufSize)
+		_ = tcp.SetWriteBuffer(forwardBufSize)
+	}
+	serverAddr := serverTCP.RemoteAddr().String()
+
+	// Forward the optional pre-connection blob, then the X.224 connection request.
+	if pdu.PreconnectionBlob != "" {
+		if _, err := serverTCP.Write([]byte(pdu.PreconnectionBlob)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("send PCB: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := serverTCP.Write(pdu.X224); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("send X224: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// -- Read the X.224 connection confirm from the server --
+	x224Rsp, err := readX224(serverTCP)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read X224 response: %w", err)
+	}
+	logX224Negotiation(x224Rsp)
+
+	// -- Upgrade the server connection to TLS (skip verification) --
+	//
+	// Windows RDP hosts are picky: only set SNI when the target is a hostname
+	// (Go would skip SNI for IP literals anyway, but be explicit), and accept
+	// the full range of TLS versions / ciphers since some servers only
+	// negotiate TLS 1.0 or legacy suites.
+	host, _, _ := net.SplitHostPort(target)
+	tlsCfg := &tls.Config{
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true, //nolint:gosec // proxy intentionally skips verification
+		MinVersion:         tls.VersionTLS10,
+		// Cap at TLS 1.2: Windows RDP servers commonly send a TLS "internal_error"
+		// alert when CredSSP/NLA is layered on top of a TLS 1.3 session.
+		MaxVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
+	}
+	if net.ParseIP(host) == nil {
+		tlsCfg.ServerName = host
+	}
+	tlsConn := tls.Client(serverTCP, tlsCfg)
+	if err := tlsConn.Handshake(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("TLS handshake with server: %w", err)
+	}
+	logger.Debug("Server TLS handshake OK (version=0x%04x cipher=0x%04x)",
+		tlsConn.ConnectionState().Version, tlsConn.ConnectionState().CipherSuite)
+
+	// Collect the raw DER server certificate chain to return to the client.
+	state := tlsConn.ConnectionState()
+	if len(state.PeerCertificates) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("server did not present any certificates")
+	}
+	chain := make([][]byte, 0, len(state.PeerCertificates))
+	for _, c := range state.PeerCertificates {
+		chain = append(chain, c.Raw)
+	}
+
+	// -- Send the RDCleanPath response back to the client --
+	rsp, err := encodeRDCleanPathResponse(serverAddr, x224Rsp, chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encode RDCleanPath response: %w", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := stream.Write(rsp); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write RDCleanPath response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger.Debug("RDCleanPath handshake complete, forwarding traffic to %s", serverAddr)
+
+	// -- Two-way blind forwarding of the (now TLS-encrypted) RDP stream --
+	return forward(stream, tlsConn)
+}
+
+// readCleanPath buffers bytes from the stream until a full RDCleanPath PDU has
+// been received, then decodes it.
+func readCleanPath(r io.Reader) (*rdCleanPathPdu, error) {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 1024)
+	tmp := make([]byte, 1024)
+	for {
+		total := detectRDCleanPathLength(buf)
+		switch {
+		case total == -2:
+			return nil, errors.New("invalid RDCleanPath PDU")
+		case total > 0 && len(buf) >= total:
+			return decodeRDCleanPathRequest(buf[:total])
+		}
+		n, err := r.Read(tmp)
+		if n > 0 {
+			buf = append(buf, tmp[:n]...)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// readX224 reads exactly one TPKT-framed X.224 PDU from the server.
+//
+// The TPKT header is 4 bytes: version (0x03), reserved (0x00), and a u16
+// big-endian total length that includes the header itself.
+func readX224(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
+	hdr := make([]byte, 4)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, hdr); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if hdr[0] != 0x03 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected TPKT version 0x%02x", hdr[0])
+	}
+	total := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(hdr[2:4]))
+	if total < 4 || total > 4096 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unreasonable TPKT length %d", total)
+	}
+	out := make([]byte, total)
+	copy(out, hdr)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, out[4:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// logX224Negotiation prints which RDP security protocol the server selected
+// (or the failure code), to help diagnose handshake issues such as the server
+// requiring NLA/CredSSP.
+//
+// X.224 Connection Confirm layout (RFC 1006 / [MS-RDPBCGR]):
+//
+//	bytes 0..3   TPKT header (03 00 LL LL)
+//	byte  4      X.224 length indicator
+//	byte  5      X.224 code (0xD0 = CC)
+//	bytes 6..10  DST-REF, SRC-REF, class
+//	byte  11     optional RDP Negotiation type (0x02 = response, 0x03 = failure)
+//	byte  12     flags
+//	bytes 13..14 length (little-endian, =8)
+//	bytes 15..18 selected protocol / failure code (u32 little-endian)
+func logX224Negotiation(pdu []byte) {
+	if len(pdu) < 19 {
+		logger.Debug("X.224 response too short (%d bytes) to contain RDP negotiation", len(pdu))
+		return
+	}
+	switch pdu[11] {
+	case 0x02:
+		proto := uint32(pdu[15]) | uint32(pdu[16])<<8 | uint32(pdu[17])<<16 | uint32(pdu[18])<<24
+		name := "unknown"
+		switch proto {
+		case 0:
+			name = "RDP (standard)"
+		case 1:
+			name = "SSL/TLS"
+		case 2:
+			name = "HYBRID (CredSSP/NLA)"
+		case 8:
+			name = "HYBRID_EX"
+		}
+		logger.Debug("Server selected RDP protocol 0x%x (%s)", proto, name)
+	case 0x03:
+		code := uint32(pdu[15]) | uint32(pdu[16])<<8 | uint32(pdu[17])<<16 | uint32(pdu[18])<<24
+		logger.Debug("Server returned RDP negotiation failure code 0x%x", code)
+	default:
+		logger.Debug("X.224 response has no RDP negotiation block (type=0x%02x)", pdu[11])
+	}
+}
+
+// forward shuttles bytes between the two streams until either side closes.
+func forward(a, b io.ReadWriteCloser) error {
+	errc := make(chan error, 2)
+	go func() {
+		buf := make([]byte, forwardBufSize)
+		_, err := io.CopyBuffer(a, b, buf)
+		_ = a.Close()
+		_ = b.Close()
+		errc <- err
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		buf := make([]byte, forwardBufSize)
+		_, err := io.CopyBuffer(b, a, buf)
+		_ = a.Close()
+		_ = b.Close()
+		errc <- err
+	}()
+	// Wait for one side to finish, then return.
+	err := <-errc
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}

browsergateway/ssh.go

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package browsergateway
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+// sshClientMsg is a JSON message sent from the browser to the proxy.
+type sshClientMsg struct {
+	// type: "auth" | "data" | "resize"
+	Type        string `json:"type"`
+	Password    string `json:"password,omitempty"`    // used when type="auth"
+	PrivateKey  string `json:"privateKey,omitempty"`  // used when type="auth"
+	Certificate string `json:"certificate,omitempty"` // used when type="auth"
+	Data        string `json:"data,omitempty"`        // used when type="data"
+	Cols        uint32 `json:"cols,omitempty"`        // used when type="resize"
+	Rows        uint32 `json:"rows,omitempty"`        // used when type="resize"
+}
+
+// sshServerMsg is a JSON message sent from the proxy back to the browser.
+type sshServerMsg struct {
+	// type: "data" | "error"
+	Type  string `json:"type"`
+	Data  string `json:"data,omitempty"`
+	Error string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// HandleSSH is an http.HandlerFunc for SSH-over-WebSocket connections.
+func (g *Gateway) HandleSSH(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	logger.Debug("SSH connection request from %s", r.RemoteAddr)
+	ctx := r.Context()
+
+	token := r.URL.Query().Get("authToken")
+
+	// "mode=native" (default) connects to the local SSH daemon on this host.
+	// "mode=proxy" connects to an arbitrary host+port supplied in query params.
+	nativeSSH := r.URL.Query().Get("mode") != "proxy"
+
+	// In proxy mode we also need host + username from query params.
+	var target, username string
+	if !nativeSSH {
+		host := r.URL.Query().Get("host")
+		port := r.URL.Query().Get("port")
+		username = r.URL.Query().Get("username")
+		if host == "" || username == "" {
+			http.Error(w, "missing host or username", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		if port == "" {
+			port = "22"
+		}
+		sshPort, _ := strconv.Atoi(port)
+		if !g.isAllowed("ssh", host, sshPort, token) {
+			http.Error(w, "destination not allowed or auth token mismatch", http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+		target = net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
+	} else {
+		// Native SSH mode: validate the token against any registered ssh target.
+		if !g.isTokenValid("ssh", token) {
+			http.Error(w, "unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+		username = r.URL.Query().Get("username")
+		if username == "" {
+			http.Error(w, "missing username", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	ws, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		Subprotocols:       []string{"ssh"},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("SSH websocket upgrade failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	ws.SetReadLimit(-1)
+	defer ws.CloseNow() //nolint:errcheck
+
+	if nativeSSH {
+		if err := serveNativeSSHSession(ctx, ws, username, g.sshCreds); err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("SSH native session error: %v", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err := serveSSHSession(ctx, ws, target, username, g.authToken); err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("SSH session error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func serveSSHSession(ctx context.Context, ws *websocket.Conn, target, username, _ string) error {
+	// -- Wait for the auth message from the client to get the password --
+	_, authBytes, err := ws.Read(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read auth message: %w", err)
+	}
+	var authMsg sshClientMsg
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(authBytes, &authMsg); err != nil || authMsg.Type != "auth" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected auth message, got: %s", authBytes)
+	}
+	password := authMsg.Password
+	privateKey := authMsg.PrivateKey
+	certificate := authMsg.Certificate
+
+	// Build the list of auth methods. Certificate+private key takes priority
+	// when both are provided, then private key, then password.
+	var authMethods []ssh.AuthMethod
+	if privateKey != "" {
+		signer, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey([]byte(privateKey))
+		if err != nil {
+			sendSSHError(ctx, ws, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse private key: %v", err))
+			return fmt.Errorf("parse private key: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if certificate != "" {
+			certPubKey, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(certificate))
+			if err != nil {
+				sendSSHError(ctx, ws, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse certificate: %v", err))
+				return fmt.Errorf("parse certificate: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			cert, ok := certPubKey.(*ssh.Certificate)
+			if !ok {
+				sendSSHError(ctx, ws, "Provided certificate is not a valid SSH certificate")
+				return fmt.Errorf("provided certificate is not ssh certificate")
+			}
+
+			certSigner, err := ssh.NewCertSigner(cert, signer)
+			if err != nil {
+				sendSSHError(ctx, ws, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to combine private key and certificate: %v", err))
+				return fmt.Errorf("new cert signer: %w", err)
+			}
+			authMethods = append(authMethods, ssh.PublicKeys(certSigner))
+		} else {
+			authMethods = append(authMethods, ssh.PublicKeys(signer))
+		}
+	}
+	if password != "" {
+		authMethods = append(authMethods, ssh.Password(password))
+	}
+	if len(authMethods) == 0 {
+		sendSSHError(ctx, ws, "No authentication credentials provided")
+		return fmt.Errorf("no auth credentials")
+	}
+	logger.Debug("SSH: connecting to %s as %s", target, username)
+	sshCfg := &ssh.ClientConfig{
+		User: username,
+		Auth: authMethods,
+		// HostKeyCallback is intentionally InsecureIgnoreHostKey for this dev
+		// proxy. In production, verify against a known-hosts store.
+		HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(), //nolint:gosec
+		Timeout:         15 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	sshClient, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", target, sshCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		sendSSHError(ctx, ws, fmt.Sprintf("SSH dial failed: %v", err))
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh dial %s: %w", target, err)
+	}
+	defer sshClient.Close()
+
+	// -- Open an interactive session --
+	sess, err := sshClient.NewSession()
+	if err != nil {
+		sendSSHError(ctx, ws, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to open SSH session: %v", err))
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh new session: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer sess.Close()
+
+	// Request a PTY.
+	if err := sess.RequestPty("xterm-256color", 24, 80, ssh.TerminalModes{
+		ssh.ECHO:          1,
+		ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 38400,
+		ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 38400,
+	}); err != nil {
+		sendSSHError(ctx, ws, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to request PTY: %v", err))
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh request pty: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	stdinPipe, err := sess.StdinPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh stdin pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+	stdoutPipe, err := sess.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh stdout pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+	stderrPipe, err := sess.StderrPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh stderr pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := sess.Shell(); err != nil {
+		sendSSHError(ctx, ws, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to start shell: %v", err))
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh shell: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger.Debug("SSH: session established with %s", target)
+
+	// -- Pump SSH stdout/stderr → WebSocket --
+	sessCtx, cancelSess := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancelSess()
+
+	go func() {
+		buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+		for {
+			n, readErr := stdoutPipe.Read(buf)
+			if n > 0 {
+				msg := sshServerMsg{Type: "data", Data: string(buf[:n])}
+				b, _ := json.Marshal(msg)
+				if writeErr := ws.Write(sessCtx, websocket.MessageText, b); writeErr != nil {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			if readErr != nil {
+				cancelSess()
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+		for {
+			n, readErr := stderrPipe.Read(buf)
+			if n > 0 {
+				msg := sshServerMsg{Type: "data", Data: string(buf[:n])}
+				b, _ := json.Marshal(msg)
+				if writeErr := ws.Write(sessCtx, websocket.MessageText, b); writeErr != nil {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			if readErr != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// -- Pump WebSocket input → SSH stdin / resize --
+	for {
+		_, msgBytes, readErr := ws.Read(sessCtx)
+		if readErr != nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		var msg sshClientMsg
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(msgBytes, &msg); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch msg.Type {
+		case "data":
+			if _, err := stdinPipe.Write([]byte(msg.Data)); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("write ssh stdin: %w", err)
+			}
+		case "resize":
+			if msg.Cols > 0 && msg.Rows > 0 {
+				_ = sess.WindowChange(int(msg.Rows), int(msg.Cols))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// sendSSHError sends an error message to the browser and logs it.
+func sendSSHError(ctx context.Context, ws *websocket.Conn, msg string) {
+	logger.Debug("SSH error: %s", msg)
+	b, _ := json.Marshal(sshServerMsg{Type: "error", Error: msg})
+	_ = ws.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageText, b)
+}

browsergateway/ssh_native.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package browsergateway
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/nativessh"
+)
+
+// serveNativeSSHSession handles a WebSocket SSH session by authenticating the
+// user against the host OS (authorized_keys then PAM password) and then
+// spawning a PTY+shell running as that user.
+//
+// The auth frame from the browser must be a JSON sshClientMsg with type="auth"
+// carrying the same password/privateKey fields used by the proxy SSH path.
+// The target username is passed in from the HTTP layer (query param).
+func serveNativeSSHSession(ctx context.Context, ws *websocket.Conn, username string, creds *nativessh.CredentialStore) error {
+	// Read the auth frame.
+	_, authBytes, err := ws.Read(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read auth message: %w", err)
+	}
+	var authMsg sshClientMsg
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(authBytes, &authMsg); err != nil || authMsg.Type != "auth" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected auth message, got: %s", authBytes)
+	}
+
+	// Authenticate using host authorized_keys or PAM password.
+	if err := nativessh.AuthenticateWithCertificate(creds, username, authMsg.Password, authMsg.PrivateKey, authMsg.Certificate); err != nil {
+		sendSSHError(ctx, ws, "Authentication failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("auth for user %q: %w", username, err)
+	}
+
+	logger.Debug("SSH native: spawning shell as user %q", username)
+
+	sess, err := nativessh.NewPTYSessionAs(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		sendSSHError(ctx, ws, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to spawn shell: %v", err))
+		return fmt.Errorf("pty session as %q: %w", username, err)
+	}
+	defer sess.Close()
+
+	// Cancel context to unblock the WebSocket read loop when the shell exits.
+	sessCtx, cancelSess := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancelSess()
+
+	// Pump PTY output → WebSocket.
+	go func() {
+		defer cancelSess()
+		buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+		for {
+			n, readErr := sess.Read(buf)
+			if n > 0 {
+				msg := sshServerMsg{Type: "data", Data: string(buf[:n])}
+				b, _ := json.Marshal(msg)
+				if writeErr := ws.Write(sessCtx, websocket.MessageText, b); writeErr != nil {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			if readErr != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Pump WebSocket input → PTY stdin / resize.
+	for {
+		_, msgBytes, readErr := ws.Read(sessCtx)
+		if readErr != nil {
+			break
+		}
+		var msg sshClientMsg
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(msgBytes, &msg); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch msg.Type {
+		case "data":
+			if _, writeErr := sess.Write([]byte(msg.Data)); writeErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("write pty: %w", writeErr)
+			}
+		case "resize":
+			if msg.Cols > 0 && msg.Rows > 0 {
+				_ = sess.Resize(uint16(msg.Cols), uint16(msg.Rows))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

browsergateway/ssh_native_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package browsergateway
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/nativessh"
+)
+
+// serveNativeSSHSession is not supported on Windows.
+func serveNativeSSHSession(_ context.Context, _ *websocket.Conn, _ string, _ *nativessh.CredentialStore) error {
+	return errors.New("native SSH is not supported on Windows")
+}

browsergateway/vnc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package browsergateway
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+)
+
+const (
+	vncDialTimeout    = 10 * time.Second
+	vncKeepAlive      = 30 * time.Second
+	vncForwardBufSize = 32 * 1024
+)
+
+// handleVNC proxies a noVNC WebSocket connection to a raw TCP VNC backend.
+// It follows the same auth-token-in-query-param pattern as handleSSH.
+//
+// Query parameters:
+//
+//	authToken – shared secret matching the -auth-token flag
+//	host      – VNC backend hostname or IP
+//	port      – VNC backend port (default: 5900)
+func (g *Gateway) handleVNC(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	host := r.URL.Query().Get("host")
+	port := r.URL.Query().Get("port")
+	if host == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "missing host", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	if port == "" {
+		port = "5900"
+	}
+	vncPort, _ := strconv.Atoi(port)
+	authToken := r.URL.Query().Get("authToken")
+	if !g.isAllowed("vnc", host, vncPort, authToken) {
+		http.Error(w, "destination not allowed or auth token mismatch", http.StatusForbidden)
+		return
+	}
+	target := net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
+
+	// Optional HTTP probe used by the web UI to surface backend reachability
+	// failures before attempting a WebSocket session.
+	if r.URL.Query().Get("checkOnly") == "1" {
+		if err := dialVNCBackend(r.Context(), target); err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("vnc: preflight failed (%s): %v", target, err)
+			http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("failed to connect to VNC backend: %v", err), http.StatusBadGateway)
+			return
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Accept the WebSocket. noVNC negotiates the "binary" subprotocol;
+	// fall back gracefully when the client sends "base64" as well.
+	ws, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		Subprotocols:       []string{"binary", "base64"},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("vnc: websocket upgrade failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	ws.SetReadLimit(-1)
+	defer ws.CloseNow() //nolint:errcheck
+
+	ctx := r.Context()
+	if err := serveVNC(ctx, ws, target); err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("vnc: session error (%s): %v", target, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func dialVNCBackend(ctx context.Context, target string) error {
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+		Timeout:   vncDialTimeout,
+		KeepAlive: vncKeepAlive,
+	}
+	conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close() //nolint:errcheck
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func serveVNC(ctx context.Context, ws *websocket.Conn, target string) error {
+	// Dial the VNC backend TCP server.
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+		Timeout:   vncDialTimeout,
+		KeepAlive: vncKeepAlive,
+	}
+	conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close() //nolint:errcheck
+
+	// Expose the WebSocket as a plain net.Conn byte stream (binary frames).
+	stream := websocket.NetConn(ctx, ws, websocket.MessageBinary)
+	defer stream.Close() //nolint:errcheck
+
+	// Proxy bidirectionally: VNC backend <-> browser.
+	errc := make(chan error, 2)
+	go func() {
+		buf := make([]byte, vncForwardBufSize)
+		_, err := io.CopyBuffer(conn, stream, buf)
+		errc <- err
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		buf := make([]byte, vncForwardBufSize)
+		_, err := io.CopyBuffer(stream, conn, buf)
+		errc <- err
+	}()
+
+	// Return when either direction closes.
+	err = <-errc
+	return err
+}

clients.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	wgnetstack "github.com/fosrl/newt/clients"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/clients/permissions"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/nativessh"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/websocket"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 )
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 var wgService *clients.WireGuardService
 var ready bool
 
-func setupClients(client *websocket.Client) {
+func setupClients(client *websocket.Client, credStore *nativessh.CredentialStore) {
 	var host = endpoint
 	if strings.HasPrefix(host, "http://") {
 		host = strings.TrimPrefix(host, "http://")
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ func setupClients(client *websocket.Client) {
 		logger.Fatal("Failed to create WireGuard service: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	wgService.SetCredentialStore(credStore)
+
 	client.OnTokenUpdate(func(token string) {
 		wgService.SetToken(token)
 	})
@@ -63,6 +66,13 @@ func closeClients() {
 	}
 }
 
+// setClientsBlocked enables or disables connection blocking on the WireGuard service.
+func setClientsBlocked(v bool) {
+	if wgService != nil {
+		wgService.SetBlocked(v)
+	}
+}
+
 func clientsHandleNewtConnection(publicKey string, endpoint string, relayPort uint16) {
 	if !ready {
 		return

clients/clients.go

@@ -13,12 +13,14 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/bind"
 	newtDevice "github.com/fosrl/newt/device"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/holepunch"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/nativessh"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/netstack2"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/network"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/util"
@@ -108,12 +110,18 @@ type WireGuardService struct {
 	sharedBind         *bind.SharedBind
 	holePunchManager   *holepunch.Manager
 	useNativeInterface bool
+	// SSH server running on the clients' netstack
+	sshServer *sshServerHandle
+	credStore *nativessh.CredentialStore
 	// Direct UDP relay from main tunnel to clients' WireGuard
 	directRelayStop    chan struct{}
 	directRelayWg      sync.WaitGroup
 	netstackListener   net.PacketConn
 	netstackListenerMu sync.Mutex
 	wgTesterServer     *wgtester.Server
+
+	// connection blocking: when true, all new incoming connections are dropped
+	blocked atomic.Bool
 }
 
 // generateChainId generates a random chain ID for deduplicating round-trip messages.
@@ -193,6 +201,13 @@ func NewWireGuardService(interfaceName string, port uint16, mtu int, host string
 	return service, nil
 }
 
+// SetCredentialStore sets the in-memory SSH credential store used by the
+// native SSH server. It must be called before the netstack is configured
+// (i.e. before the first newt/wg/receive-config message is processed).
+func (s *WireGuardService) SetCredentialStore(store *nativessh.CredentialStore) {
+	s.credStore = store
+}
+
 // ReportRTT allows reporting native RTTs to telemetry, rate-limited externally.
 func (s *WireGuardService) ReportRTT(seconds float64) {
 	if s.serverPubKey == "" {
@@ -211,6 +226,12 @@ func (s *WireGuardService) Close() {
 		s.stopGetConfig = nil
 	}
 
+	// Stop SSH server before tearing down the netstack
+	if s.sshServer != nil {
+		s.sshServer.stop()
+		s.sshServer = nil
+	}
+
 	// Flush access logs before tearing down the tunnel
 	if s.tnet != nil {
 		if ph := s.tnet.GetProxyHandler(); ph != nil {
@@ -286,6 +307,21 @@ func (s *WireGuardService) GetPublicKey() wgtypes.Key {
 	return s.key.PublicKey()
 }
 
+// SetBlocked enables or disables connection blocking for this WireGuard service.
+// The state is persisted and applied immediately to any active proxy handler.
+func (s *WireGuardService) SetBlocked(v bool) {
+	s.blocked.Store(v)
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	tnet := s.tnet
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if tnet == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if ph := tnet.GetProxyHandler(); ph != nil {
+		ph.SetBlocked(v)
+	}
+}
+
 // SetOnNetstackReady sets a callback function to be called when the netstack interface is ready
 func (s *WireGuardService) SetOnNetstackReady(callback func(*netstack2.Net)) {
 	s.onNetstackReady = callback
@@ -890,7 +926,25 @@ func (s *WireGuardService) ensureWireguardInterface(wgconfig WgConfig) error {
 		logger.Error("Failed to start WireGuard tester server: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// Start the SSH server on the clients' netstack (port 22).
+	// A nil credStore means SSH is disabled (--disable-ssh), so skip starting the server.
+	if s.credStore != nil {
+		if h, sshErr := startSSHOnNetstack(s.tnet, s.credStore); sshErr != nil {
+			logger.Warn("nativessh: not starting SSH server on clients netstack: %v", sshErr)
+		} else {
+			s.sshServer = h
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Note: we already unlocked above, so don't use defer unlock
+
+	// Apply any pending blocked state to the newly created proxy handler
+	if s.blocked.Load() {
+		if ph := s.tnet.GetProxyHandler(); ph != nil {
+			ph.SetBlocked(true)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1563,3 +1617,33 @@ func (s *WireGuardService) filterReadOnlyFields(config string) string {
 
 	return strings.Join(filteredLines, "\n")
 }
+
+// sshServerHandle holds the listener so the SSH server can be stopped by
+// closing it.
+type sshServerHandle struct {
+	ln net.Listener
+}
+
+func (h *sshServerHandle) stop() {
+	_ = h.ln.Close()
+}
+
+// startSSHOnNetstack creates a TCP listener on port 22 of the clients' netstack
+// and starts serving SSH connections on it in the background. The returned
+// handle can be used to stop the server by closing the listener.
+func startSSHOnNetstack(tnet *netstack2.Net, creds *nativessh.CredentialStore) (*sshServerHandle, error) {
+	srv := nativessh.NewServer(nativessh.ServerConfig{
+		Credentials: creds,
+	})
+	ln, err := tnet.ListenTCP(&net.TCPAddr{Port: 22})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen on netstack port 22: %w", err)
+	}
+	h := &sshServerHandle{ln: ln}
+	go func() {
+		if err := srv.Serve(ln); err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: clients netstack server stopped: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	return h, nil
+}

common.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/proxy"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/websocket"
+	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	"golang.org/x/net/icmp"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
@@ -121,19 +122,11 @@ func reliablePing(tnet *netstack.Net, dst string, baseTimeout time.Duration, max
 		totalLatency += latency
 		successCount++
 
-		// If we get at least one success, we can return early for health checks
-		if successCount > 0 {
-			avgLatency := totalLatency / time.Duration(successCount)
-			// logger.Debug("Reliable ping succeeded after %d attempts, avg latency: %v", attempt, avgLatency)
-			return avgLatency, nil
-		}
+		// Return on first success
+		return totalLatency / time.Duration(successCount), nil
 	}
 
-	if successCount == 0 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("all %d ping attempts failed, last error: %v", maxAttempts, lastErr)
-	}
-
-	return totalLatency / time.Duration(successCount), nil
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("all %d ping attempts failed, last error: %v", maxAttempts, lastErr)
 }
 
 func pingWithRetry(tnet *netstack.Net, dst string, timeout time.Duration) (stopChan chan struct{}, err error) {
@@ -208,6 +201,7 @@ func pingWithRetry(tnet *netstack.Net, dst string, timeout time.Duration) (stopC
 							logger.Warn(msgHealthFileWriteFailed, err)
 						}
 					}
+					return
 				}
 			case <-pingStopChan:
 				// Stop the goroutine when signaled
@@ -220,6 +214,25 @@ func pingWithRetry(tnet *netstack.Net, dst string, timeout time.Duration) (stopC
 	return stopChan, fmt.Errorf("initial ping attempts failed, continuing in background")
 }
 
+// shouldFireRecovery decides whether the data-plane recovery flow in
+// startPingCheck should run on this tick. Recovery fires once when the
+// consecutive-failure counter first crosses the threshold; the connectionLost
+// flag prevents re-firing until a successful ping resets the state.
+//
+// This condition was previously inlined into startPingCheck and AND-ed with
+// `currentInterval < maxInterval`, which silently broke recovery once
+// pingInterval's default was bumped to 15s while maxInterval stayed at 6s
+// (commit 8161fa6, March 2026): the gate became permanently false on default
+// settings, so the recovery code never executed and ping failures climbed
+// forever — the proximate cause of fosrl/newt#284, #310 and pangolin#1004.
+//
+// Recovery and backoff are independent concerns; the backoff ramp is now
+// computed separately in the caller. Do not re-introduce currentInterval
+// here.
+func shouldFireRecovery(consecutiveFailures, failureThreshold int, connectionLost bool) bool {
+	return consecutiveFailures >= failureThreshold && !connectionLost
+}
+
 func startPingCheck(tnet *netstack.Net, serverIP string, client *websocket.Client, tunnelID string) chan struct{} {
 	maxInterval := 6 * time.Second
 	currentInterval := pingInterval
@@ -279,42 +292,44 @@ func startPingCheck(tnet *netstack.Net, serverIP string, client *websocket.Clien
 
 					// More lenient threshold for declaring connection lost under load
 					failureThreshold := 4
-					if consecutiveFailures >= failureThreshold && currentInterval < maxInterval {
-						if !connectionLost {
-							connectionLost = true
-							logger.Warn("Connection to server lost after %d failures. Continuous reconnection attempts will be made.", consecutiveFailures)
-							if tunnelID != "" {
-								telemetry.IncReconnect(context.Background(), tunnelID, "client", telemetry.ReasonTimeout)
-							}
-							pingChainId := generateChainId()
-							pendingPingChainId = pingChainId
-							stopFunc = client.SendMessageInterval("newt/ping/request", map[string]interface{}{
-								"chainId": pingChainId,
-							}, 3*time.Second)
-							// Send registration message to the server for backward compatibility
-							bcChainId := generateChainId()
-							pendingRegisterChainId = bcChainId
-							err := client.SendMessage("newt/wg/register", map[string]interface{}{
-								"publicKey":           publicKey.String(),
-								"backwardsCompatible": true,
-								"chainId":             bcChainId,
-							})
+					if shouldFireRecovery(consecutiveFailures, failureThreshold, connectionLost) {
+						connectionLost = true
+						logger.Warn("Connection to server lost after %d failures. Continuous reconnection attempts will be made.", consecutiveFailures)
+						if tunnelID != "" {
+							telemetry.IncReconnect(context.Background(), tunnelID, "client", telemetry.ReasonTimeout)
+						}
+						pingChainId := generateChainId()
+						pendingPingChainId = pingChainId
+						stopFunc = client.SendMessageInterval("newt/ping/request", map[string]interface{}{
+							"chainId": pingChainId,
+						}, 3*time.Second)
+						// Send registration message to the server for backward compatibility
+						bcChainId := generateChainId()
+						pendingRegisterChainId = bcChainId
+						err := client.SendMessage("newt/wg/register", map[string]interface{}{
+							"publicKey":           publicKey.String(),
+							"backwardsCompatible": true,
+							"chainId":             bcChainId,
+						})
+						if err != nil {
+							logger.Error("Failed to send registration message: %v", err)
+						}
+						if healthFile != "" {
+							err = os.Remove(healthFile)
 							if err != nil {
-								logger.Error("Failed to send registration message: %v", err)
-							}
-							if healthFile != "" {
-								err = os.Remove(healthFile)
-								if err != nil {
-									logger.Error("Failed to remove health file: %v", err)
-								}
+								logger.Error("Failed to remove health file: %v", err)
 							}
 						}
-						currentInterval = time.Duration(float64(currentInterval) * 1.3) // Slower increase
+					}
+					// Backoff: ramp the periodic-ping interval up while we are
+					// past the failure threshold, capped at maxInterval. Kept
+					// independent of the recovery trigger above so the trigger
+					// fires on every outage regardless of pingInterval.
+					if consecutiveFailures >= failureThreshold && currentInterval < maxInterval {
+						currentInterval = time.Duration(float64(currentInterval) * 1.3)
 						if currentInterval > maxInterval {
 							currentInterval = maxInterval
 						}
-						ticker.Reset(currentInterval)
-						logger.Debug("Increased ping check interval to %v due to consecutive failures", currentInterval)
 					}
 				} else {
 					// Track recent latencies
@@ -586,3 +601,61 @@ func sendBlueprint(client *websocket.Client, file string) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func watchBlueprintFile(ctx context.Context, filePath string, send func() error) {
+	watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Error("blueprint watcher: failed to create: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer watcher.Close()
+
+	if err := watcher.Add(filePath); err != nil {
+		logger.Error("blueprint watcher: failed to watch %s: %v", filePath, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	logger.Info("Watching blueprint file for changes: %s", filePath)
+
+	var debounce *time.Timer
+	scheduleSend := func() {
+		if debounce != nil {
+			debounce.Stop()
+		}
+		debounce = time.AfterFunc(500*time.Millisecond, func() {
+			logger.Info("Blueprint file changed, resending...")
+			if err := send(); err != nil {
+				logger.Error("blueprint watcher: resend failed: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			if debounce != nil {
+				debounce.Stop()
+			}
+			return
+		case event, ok := <-watcher.Events:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			switch {
+			case event.Has(fsnotify.Write) || event.Has(fsnotify.Create):
+				if event.Has(fsnotify.Create) {
+					_ = watcher.Add(filePath)
+				}
+				scheduleSend()
+			case event.Has(fsnotify.Remove) || event.Has(fsnotify.Rename):
+				_ = watcher.Add(filePath)
+				scheduleSend()
+			}
+		case err, ok := <-watcher.Errors:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			logger.Error("blueprint watcher: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}

common_test.go

@@ -1,10 +1,151 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 )
 
+func TestWatchBlueprintFile_WriteTriggersSend(t *testing.T) {
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "blueprint-*.yaml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+	go watchBlueprintFile(ctx, f.Name(), func() error {
+		calls.Add(1)
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(f.Name(), []byte("content"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(700 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	if calls.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 send call, got %d", calls.Load())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWatchBlueprintFile_DebounceCoalescesEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "blueprint-*.yaml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+	go watchBlueprintFile(ctx, f.Name(), func() error {
+		calls.Add(1)
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(f.Name(), []byte("change"), 0644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(700 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	if calls.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 send call after debounce, got %d", calls.Load())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWatchBlueprintFile_ContextCancellationStops(t *testing.T) {
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "blueprint-*.yaml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		watchBlueprintFile(ctx, f.Name(), func() error { return nil })
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	cancel()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Error("watchBlueprintFile did not exit after context cancellation")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWatchBlueprintFile_AtomicWriteTriggersSend(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dir, "blueprint.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(target, []byte("initial"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+	go watchBlueprintFile(ctx, target, func() error {
+		calls.Add(1)
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	tmp := filepath.Join(dir, "blueprint.yaml.tmp")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmp, []byte("updated"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tmp, target); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(700 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	if calls.Load() < 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected at least 1 send call after atomic write, got %d", calls.Load())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWatchBlueprintFile_MissingFileReturnsGracefully(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		watchBlueprintFile(ctx, "/nonexistent/path/blueprint.yaml", func() error { return nil })
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Error("watchBlueprintFile did not return for missing file")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestParseTargetString(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name           string
@@ -13,7 +154,6 @@ func TestParseTargetString(t *testing.T) {
 		wantTargetAddr string
 		wantErr        bool
 	}{
-		// IPv4 test cases
 		{
 			name:           "valid IPv4 basic",
 			input:          "3001:192.168.1.1:80",
@@ -35,8 +175,6 @@ func TestParseTargetString(t *testing.T) {
 			wantTargetAddr: "10.0.0.1:443",
 			wantErr:        false,
 		},
-
-		// IPv6 test cases
 		{
 			name:           "valid IPv6 loopback",
 			input:          "3001:[::1]:8080",
@@ -72,8 +210,6 @@ func TestParseTargetString(t *testing.T) {
 			wantTargetAddr: "[::ffff:192.168.1.1]:6000",
 			wantErr:        false,
 		},
-
-		// Hostname test cases
 		{
 			name:           "valid hostname",
 			input:          "8080:example.com:80",
@@ -95,8 +231,6 @@ func TestParseTargetString(t *testing.T) {
 			wantTargetAddr: "localhost:3000",
 			wantErr:        false,
 		},
-
-		// Error cases
 		{
 			name:    "invalid - no colons",
 			input:   "invalid",
@@ -169,7 +303,7 @@ func TestParseTargetString(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			if tt.wantErr {
-				return // Don't check other values if we expected an error
+				return
 			}
 
 			if listenPort != tt.wantListenPort {
@@ -183,7 +317,7 @@ func TestParseTargetString(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestParseTargetStringNetDialCompatibility verifies that the output is compatible with net.Dial
+// TestParseTargetStringNetDialCompatibility verifies that the output is compatible with net.Dial.
 func TestParseTargetStringNetDialCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name  string
@@ -201,8 +335,6 @@ func TestParseTargetStringNetDialCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("parseTargetString(%q) unexpected error: %v", tt.input, err)
 			}
 
-			// Verify the format is valid for net.Dial by checking it can be split back
-			// This doesn't actually dial, just validates the format
 			_, _, err = net.SplitHostPort(targetAddr)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Errorf("parseTargetString(%q) produced invalid net.Dial format %q: %v", tt.input, targetAddr, err)
@@ -210,3 +342,42 @@ func TestParseTargetStringNetDialCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestShouldFireRecovery is the regression guard for the broken trigger gate
+// that prevented data-plane recovery from ever firing under default settings
+// (fosrl/newt#284, #310, pangolin#1004). The pre-fix condition was
+//
+//	consecutiveFailures >= failureThreshold && currentInterval < maxInterval
+//
+// which became permanently false once pingInterval's default was bumped from
+// 3s to 15s in commit 8161fa6 — currentInterval starts at pingInterval=15s,
+// maxInterval stayed at 6s, so 15<6 is false and the recovery branch never
+// executed.
+//
+// The fix is to drop currentInterval from the trigger condition entirely;
+// backoff is a separate concern computed in the caller. The cases below
+// exercise the documented contract.
+func TestShouldFireRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	const threshold = 4
+	cases := []struct {
+		name           string
+		failures       int
+		connectionLost bool
+		want           bool
+	}{
+		{"below threshold, fresh", 3, false, false},
+		{"below threshold, already lost", 3, true, false},
+		{"at threshold, fresh — recovery must fire", threshold, false, true},
+		{"at threshold, already lost — gate prevents re-fire", threshold, true, false},
+		{"far above threshold, fresh", 100, false, true},
+		{"far above threshold, already lost", 100, true, false},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := shouldFireRecovery(c.failures, threshold, c.connectionLost); got != c.want {
+				t.Errorf("shouldFireRecovery(failures=%d, threshold=%d, lost=%v) = %v, want %v",
+					c.failures, threshold, c.connectionLost, got, c.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

docker/docker.go

@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/events"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/events"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
 )
 
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ func ListContainers(socketPath string, enforceNetworkValidation bool) ([]Contain
 	}
 
 	// Used to filter down containers returned to Pangolin
-	containerFilters := filters.NewArgs()
+	containerFilters := make(client.Filters)
 
 	// Used to determine if we will send IP addresses or hostnames to Pangolin
 	useContainerIpAddresses := true
@@ -215,21 +214,28 @@ func ListContainers(socketPath string, enforceNetworkValidation bool) ([]Contain
 	}
 
 	// List containers
-	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{All: true, Filters: containerFilters})
+	containerListResult, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, client.ContainerListOptions{All: true, Filters: containerFilters})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	addrToString := func(addr interface{ IsValid() bool; String() string }) string {
+		if addr.IsValid() {
+			return addr.String()
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+
 	var dockerContainers []Container
-	for _, c := range containers {
+	for _, c := range containerListResult.Items {
 		// Short ID like docker ps
 		shortId := c.ID[:12]
 
 		// Inspect container to get hostname
 		hostname := ""
-		containerInfo, err := cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, c.ID)
-		if err == nil && containerInfo.Config != nil {
-			hostname = containerInfo.Config.Hostname
+		containerInfo, err := cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, c.ID, client.ContainerInspectOptions{})
+		if err == nil && containerInfo.Container.Config != nil {
+			hostname = containerInfo.Container.Config.Hostname
 		}
 
 		// Skip host container if set
@@ -253,8 +259,8 @@ func ListContainers(socketPath string, enforceNetworkValidation bool) ([]Contain
 			if port.PublicPort != 0 {
 				dockerPort.PublicPort = int(port.PublicPort)
 			}
-			if port.IP != "" {
-				dockerPort.IP = port.IP
+			if port.IP.IsValid() {
+				dockerPort.IP = port.IP.String()
 			}
 			ports = append(ports, dockerPort)
 		}
@@ -268,19 +274,19 @@ func ListContainers(socketPath string, enforceNetworkValidation bool) ([]Contain
 				dockerNetwork := Network{
 					NetworkID:           endpoint.NetworkID,
 					EndpointID:          endpoint.EndpointID,
-					Gateway:             endpoint.Gateway,
+					Gateway:             addrToString(endpoint.Gateway),
 					IPPrefixLen:         endpoint.IPPrefixLen,
-					IPv6Gateway:         endpoint.IPv6Gateway,
-					GlobalIPv6Address:   endpoint.GlobalIPv6Address,
+					IPv6Gateway:         addrToString(endpoint.IPv6Gateway),
+					GlobalIPv6Address:   addrToString(endpoint.GlobalIPv6Address),
 					GlobalIPv6PrefixLen: endpoint.GlobalIPv6PrefixLen,
-					MacAddress:          endpoint.MacAddress,
+					MacAddress:          endpoint.MacAddress.String(),
 					Aliases:             endpoint.Aliases,
 					DNSNames:            endpoint.DNSNames,
 				}
 
 				// Use IPs over hostnames/containers as we're on the bridge network
 				if useContainerIpAddresses {
-					dockerNetwork.IPAddress = endpoint.IPAddress
+					dockerNetwork.IPAddress = addrToString(endpoint.IPAddress)
 				}
 
 				networks[networkName] = dockerNetwork
@@ -291,7 +297,7 @@ func ListContainers(socketPath string, enforceNetworkValidation bool) ([]Contain
 			ID:       shortId,
 			Name:     name,
 			Image:    c.Image,
-			State:    c.State,
+			State:    string(c.State),
 			Status:   c.Status,
 			Ports:    ports,
 			Labels:   c.Labels,
@@ -315,12 +321,12 @@ func getHostContainer(dockerContext context.Context, dockerClient *client.Client
 	}
 
 	// Get host container from the docker socket
-	hostContainer, err := dockerClient.ContainerInspect(dockerContext, hostContainerName)
+	hostContainer, err := dockerClient.ContainerInspect(dockerContext, hostContainerName, client.ContainerInspectOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find host container")
 	}
 
-	return &hostContainer, nil
+	return &hostContainer.Container, nil
 }
 
 // EventCallback defines the function signature for handling Docker events
@@ -371,7 +377,7 @@ func (em *EventMonitor) Start() error {
 	logger.Debug("Starting Docker event monitoring")
 
 	// Filter for container events we care about
-	eventFilters := filters.NewArgs()
+	eventFilters := make(client.Filters)
 	eventFilters.Add("type", "container")
 	// eventFilters.Add("event", "create")
 	eventFilters.Add("event", "start")
@@ -382,9 +388,10 @@ func (em *EventMonitor) Start() error {
 	// eventFilters.Add("event", "unpause")
 
 	// Start listening for events
-	eventCh, errCh := em.client.Events(em.ctx, events.ListOptions{
+	eventsResult := em.client.Events(em.ctx, client.EventsListOptions{
 		Filters: eventFilters,
 	})
+	eventCh, errCh := eventsResult.Messages, eventsResult.Err
 
 	go func() {
 		defer func() {
@@ -408,9 +415,10 @@ func (em *EventMonitor) Start() error {
 					time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
 					if em.ctx.Err() == nil {
 						logger.Info("Attempting to reconnect to Docker event stream")
-						eventCh, errCh = em.client.Events(em.ctx, events.ListOptions{
+						eventsResult = em.client.Events(em.ctx, client.EventsListOptions{
 							Filters: eventFilters,
 						})
+						eventCh, errCh = eventsResult.Messages, eventsResult.Err
 					}
 				}
 				return

flake.nix

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
           inherit (pkgs) lib;
 
           # Update version when releasing
-          version = "1.11.0";
+          version = "1.12.5";
         in
         {
           default = self.packages.${system}.pangolin-newt;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
             inherit version;
             src = pkgs.nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource [ ] ./.;
 
-            vendorHash = "sha256-+zMSzNbqmWm/DXL2xMUd5uPP5tSIybsRokwJ2zd0pf0=";
+            vendorHash = "sha256-X70emc3uPN2YpsbudtoeEZDHilaTvFMqfRaDmIgRVZE=";
 
             nativeInstallCheckInputs = [ pkgs.versionCheckHook ];
 

get-newt.sh

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ main() {
     CUSTOM_PATH=$(parse_path_arg "$@")
 
     if [ -n "$CUSTOM_PATH" ]; then
-        print_status "Installing latest version of newt to ${CUSTOM_PATH} (--path override)..."
+        print_status "Installing latest version of newt to ${CUSTOM_PATH}..."
     else
         print_status "Installing latest version of newt..."
     fi
@@ -331,4 +331,4 @@ main() {
 }
 
 # Run main function
-main "$@"
+main "$@"

go.mod

@@ -3,9 +3,14 @@ module github.com/fosrl/newt
 go 1.25.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible
+	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14
+	github.com/creack/pty v1.1.24
 	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.26.1
+	github.com/go-crypt/crypt v0.14.15
+	github.com/go-crypt/x v0.4.16
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3
+	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.54.2
+	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.4.1
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.68.0
@@ -17,43 +22,40 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.43.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.43.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251113190631-e25ba8c21ef6
-	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.55.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20250521234502-f333402bd9cb
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v1.0.1
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250503011706-39ed1f5ac29c
-	software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.0
+	software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.1
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.28.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/otlptranslator v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -61,15 +63,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.43.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.37.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.12.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,33 +1,37 @@
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 h1:slsWYD/zyx7lCXoZVlvQrj0hPTM1HI4+v1sIda2yDvg=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0/go.mod h1:cTAf44im0RAYeL23bpB+fzCyDH2MJiz2BO69KH/soAE=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 h1:ZN+IMa753KfX5hd8vVaMixjnqRZ3y8CuJKRKj1xcsSM=
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@@ -55,22 +59,16 @@ github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
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-github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0/go.mod h1:W4s4sFTMaBeK1BQLXbG4AdM2szdn85PY75RI83NrTrM=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
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 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 h1:Je96obch5RDVy3FDMndoUsjAhG5Edi49h0RJWRi/o0o=
@@ -85,8 +83,6 @@ github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.20.1 h1:XwbrGOIplXW/AU3YhIhLODXMJYyC1isLFfYCsTEy
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.20.1/go.mod h1:o9EMBZGRyvDrSPH1RqdxhojkuXstoe4UlK79eF5TGGo=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1 h1:UQB4HGPB6osV0SQTLymcB4TgvyWu6ZyliaW0tI/otEQ=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1/go.mod h1:MaRKkUm5W0goXpeCfT7UZI6fk/L7L7so1lCWt35ZSgc=
-github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 h1:dueUQJ1C2q9oE3F7wvmSGAaVtTmUizReu6fjN8uqzbQ=
-github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3/go.mod h1:naHLuLoDiP4jHNo9R0sCBMtWGeIprob74mVsIT4qYEQ=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
 github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1 h1:3AEMt62VKqz90r0tmNhog0r/PpWKmrEShJU0wJW6bV0=
@@ -107,8 +103,6 @@ go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.43.0 h1:88Y4s2C8oTui1LGM6bT
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.43.0/go.mod h1:Vl1/iaggsuRlrHf/hfPJPvVag77kKyvrLeD10kpMl+A=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.43.0 h1:RAE+JPfvEmvy+0LzyUA25/SGawPwIUbZ6u0Wug54sLc=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.43.0/go.mod h1:AGmbycVGEsRx9mXMZ75CsOyhSP6MFIcj/6dnG+vhVjk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.43.0 h1:3iZJKlCZufyRzPzlQhUIWVmfltrXuGyfjREgGP3UUjc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.43.0/go.mod h1:/G+nUPfhq2e+qiXMGxMwumDrP5jtzU+mWN7/sjT2rak=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.65.0 h1:jOveH/b4lU9HT7y+Gfamf18BqlOuz2PWEvs8yM7Q6XE=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.65.0/go.mod h1:i1P8pcumauPtUI4YNopea1dhzEMuEqWP1xoUZDylLHo=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0 h1:d7638QeInOnuwOONPp4JAOGfbCEpYb+K6DVWvdxGzgM=
@@ -125,42 +119,38 @@ go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
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-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0 h1:+Ng2ULVvLHnJ/ZFEq4KdcDd/cfjrrjjNSXNzxg0Y4U4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0/go.mod h1:ErX4dUh2UM+CFYiXZRTcMpEcN8b/1gxEuv3nODoYtCA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0 h1:RMs7fP2rXdep0CftQlK8Uf+kibLm7qkCcradZWYz988=
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 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0/go.mod h1:El3tOrEuMpv2UdMrbNlKEh9vd86bmQ6vqIcDwxEOc1E=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 h1:VPWxll4HlMw1Vs/qXtN7BvhZqsS9cdAittCNvVENElA=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9/go.mod h1:7QBABkRtR8z+TEnmXTqIqwJLlzrZKVfAUm7tY3yGv0M=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 h1:m8qni9SQFH0tJc1X0vmnpw/0t+AImlSvp30sEupozUg=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9/go.mod h1:4Hqkh8ycfw05ld/3BWL7rJOSfebL2Q+DVDeRgYgxUU8=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0 h1:Xr6m2WmWZLETvUNvIUmeD5OAagMw3FiKmMlTdViWsHM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0/go.mod h1:ho/dLnxwi3EDJA4Zghp7k2Ec1+c2jqup0bFkw07bwF4=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.1 h1:VnnIIZ88UzOOKLukQi+ImGz8O1Wdp8nAGGnvOfEIWQQ=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.1/go.mod h1:xGH9GfzOyMTGIOXBJmXt+BX/V0kcdQbdcuwQ/zNw42I=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -168,9 +158,11 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntN
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.4.0 h1:ZazjZUfuVeZGLAmlKKuyv3IKP5orXcwtOwDQH6YVr6o=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.4.0/go.mod h1:CtbdzLSsqVhDgMtKsx03ird5YTGB3ar27v0u/yKBW5g=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
 gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250503011706-39ed1f5ac29c h1:m/r7OM+Y2Ty1sgBQ7Qb27VgIMBW8ZZhT4gLnUyDIhzI=
 gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250503011706-39ed1f5ac29c/go.mod h1:3r5CMtNQMKIvBlrmM9xWUNamjKBYPOWyXOjmg5Kts3g=
-software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.0 h1:Db8W44cB54TWD7stUFFSWxdfpdn6fZVcDl0w3R4RVM0=
-software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Qiz0EyvDRJjjxGyUQa2cCNZn/wMyzrRJ/qcDXOQazLI=
+pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0 h1:keKAYRcjm+e1F0oAuU5F5+YPAWcyxNNRK2wud503Gnk=
+pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:PY5XlDGj0+V1FCq0o192FdRhpKHGTRIWBgqjDBTrq04=
+software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.1 h1:bxkUPRsvTPNRBZa4M/aSX4PyMOEbq3V8I6hbkG4F4Q8=
+software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.1/go.mod h1:Qiz0EyvDRJjjxGyUQa2cCNZn/wMyzrRJ/qcDXOQazLI=

healthcheck/healthcheck.go

@@ -212,6 +212,10 @@ func (m *Monitor) addTargetUnsafe(config Config) error {
 				return nil
 			}(),
 			Transport: &http.Transport{
+				// Disable keep-alives so each health check uses a fresh connection.
+				// Reusing idle connections causes spurious timeouts when the remote
+				// server closes the connection between long check intervals.
+				DisableKeepAlives: true,
 				TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
 					// Configure TLS settings based on certificate enforcement
 					InsecureSkipVerify: !m.enforceCert,
@@ -432,7 +436,9 @@ func (m *Monitor) performTCPCheck(target *Target) (bool, string) {
 	logger.Debug("Target %d: performing TCP health check to %s (timeout: %v)",
 		target.Config.ID, address, timeout)
 
-	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", address, timeout)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(target.ctx, timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	conn, err := (&net.Dialer{}).DialContext(ctx, "tcp", address)
 	if err != nil {
 		msg := fmt.Sprintf("TCP dial failed: %v", err)
 		logger.Warn("Target %d: %s", target.Config.ID, msg)
@@ -467,8 +473,9 @@ func (m *Monitor) performHTTPCheck(target *Target) (bool, string) {
 			target.Config.ID, m.enforceCert)
 	}
 
-	// Create request with timeout context
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(target.Config.Timeout)*time.Second)
+	// Create request with timeout context, derived from the target's context so
+	// that in-flight requests are cancelled immediately when the target is replaced.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(target.ctx, time.Duration(target.Config.Timeout)*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, target.Config.Method, url, nil)

main.go

@@ -18,13 +18,16 @@ import (
 	"os/signal"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/authdaemon"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/browsergateway"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/docker"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/healthcheck"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/nativessh"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/proxy"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/updates"
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/util"
@@ -40,15 +43,24 @@ import (
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 )
 
+type BrowserGatewayTarget struct {
+	ID              int    `json:"id"`
+	Type            string `json:"type"`
+	Destination     string `json:"destination"`
+	DestinationPort int    `json:"destinationPort"`
+	AuthToken       string `json:"authToken"`
+}
+
 type WgData struct {
-	Endpoint           string               `json:"endpoint"`
-	RelayPort          uint16               `json:"relayPort"`
-	PublicKey          string               `json:"publicKey"`
-	ServerIP           string               `json:"serverIP"`
-	TunnelIP           string               `json:"tunnelIP"`
-	Targets            TargetsByType        `json:"targets"`
-	HealthCheckTargets []healthcheck.Config `json:"healthCheckTargets"`
-	ChainId            string               `json:"chainId"`
+	Endpoint              string                 `json:"endpoint"`
+	RelayPort             uint16                 `json:"relayPort"`
+	PublicKey             string                 `json:"publicKey"`
+	ServerIP              string                 `json:"serverIP"`
+	TunnelIP              string                 `json:"tunnelIP"`
+	Targets               TargetsByType          `json:"targets"`
+	HealthCheckTargets    []healthcheck.Config   `json:"healthCheckTargets"`
+	BrowserGatewayTargets []BrowserGatewayTarget `json:"browserGatewayTargets"`
+	ChainId               string                 `json:"chainId"`
 }
 
 type TargetsByType struct {
@@ -123,6 +135,7 @@ var (
 	port                               uint16
 	portStr                            string
 	disableClients                     bool
+	disableSSH                         bool
 	updownScript                       string
 	dockerSocket                       string
 	dockerEnforceNetworkValidation     string
@@ -134,6 +147,8 @@ var (
 	pingStopChan                       chan struct{}
 	stopFunc                           func()
 	pendingRegisterChainId             string
+	browserGateway                     *browsergateway.Gateway
+	browserGatewayStop                 func()
 	pendingPingChainId                 string
 	healthFile                         string
 	useNativeInterface                 bool
@@ -144,21 +159,21 @@ var (
 	authDaemonKey                      string
 	authDaemonPrincipalsFile           string
 	authDaemonCACertPath               string
-	authDaemonEnabled                  bool
 	authDaemonGenerateRandomPassword   bool
 	// Build/version (can be overridden via -ldflags "-X main.newtVersion=...")
-	newtVersion = "version_replaceme"
+	newtVersion  = "version_replaceme"
+	newtPlatform = "" // embedded at build time via -X main.newtPlatform=<os>_<arch>
 
 	// Observability/metrics flags
-	metricsEnabled    bool
-	otlpEnabled       bool
-	adminAddr         string
-	region            string
-	metricsAsyncBytes bool
-	pprofEnabled      bool
-	blueprintFile              string
-	provisioningBlueprintFile  string
-	noCloud                    bool
+	metricsEnabled            bool
+	otlpEnabled               bool
+	adminAddr                 string
+	region                    string
+	metricsAsyncBytes         bool
+	pprofEnabled              bool
+	blueprintFile             string
+	provisioningBlueprintFile string
+	noCloud                   bool
 
 	// New mTLS configuration variables
 	tlsClientCert string
@@ -242,7 +257,6 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 	authDaemonKey = os.Getenv("AD_KEY")
 	authDaemonPrincipalsFile = os.Getenv("AD_PRINCIPALS_FILE")
 	authDaemonCACertPath = os.Getenv("AD_CA_CERT_PATH")
-	authDaemonEnabledEnv := os.Getenv("AUTH_DAEMON_ENABLED")
 	authDaemonGenerateRandomPasswordEnv := os.Getenv("AD_GENERATE_RANDOM_PASSWORD")
 
 	// Metrics/observability env mirrors
@@ -255,6 +269,8 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 
 	disableClientsEnv := os.Getenv("DISABLE_CLIENTS")
 	disableClients = disableClientsEnv == "true"
+	disableSSHEnv := os.Getenv("DISABLE_SSH")
+	disableSSH = disableSSHEnv == "true"
 	useNativeInterfaceEnv := os.Getenv("USE_NATIVE_INTERFACE")
 	useNativeInterface = useNativeInterfaceEnv == "true"
 	enforceHealthcheckCertEnv := os.Getenv("ENFORCE_HC_CERT")
@@ -327,6 +343,9 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 	if disableClientsEnv == "" {
 		flag.BoolVar(&disableClients, "disable-clients", false, "Disable clients on the WireGuard interface")
 	}
+	if disableSSHEnv == "" {
+		flag.BoolVar(&disableSSH, "disable-ssh", false, "Disable SSH auth daemon and native SSH mode (remote auth daemon still works)")
+	}
 	if enforceHealthcheckCertEnv == "" {
 		flag.BoolVar(&enforceHealthcheckCert, "enforce-hc-cert", false, "Enforce certificate validation for health checks (default: false, accepts any cert)")
 	}
@@ -361,6 +380,8 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 	if tlsClientKey == "" {
 		flag.StringVar(&tlsClientKey, "tls-client-key", "", "Path to client private key file (PEM/DER format)")
 	}
+	// add a dummy input for --auth-daemon but ignore it since the auth daemon is always enabled now and this is just for backward compatibility with older versions
+	flag.Bool("auth-daemon", false, "Enable auth daemon mode (deprecated, always enabled)")
 
 	// Handle multiple CA files
 	var tlsClientCAsFlag stringSlice
@@ -472,13 +493,7 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 	if authDaemonCACertPath == "" {
 		flag.StringVar(&authDaemonCACertPath, "ad-ca-cert-path", "/etc/ssh/ca.pem", "Path to the CA certificate file for auth daemon")
 	}
-	if authDaemonEnabledEnv == "" {
-		flag.BoolVar(&authDaemonEnabled, "auth-daemon", false, "Enable auth daemon mode (runs alongside normal newt operation)")
-	} else {
-		if v, err := strconv.ParseBool(authDaemonEnabledEnv); err == nil {
-			authDaemonEnabled = v
-		}
-	}
+
 	if authDaemonGenerateRandomPasswordEnv == "" {
 		flag.BoolVar(&authDaemonGenerateRandomPassword, "ad-generate-random-password", false, "Generate a random password for authenticated users")
 	} else {
@@ -517,11 +532,12 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 	loggerLevel := util.ParseLogLevel(logLevel)
 
 	// Start auth daemon if enabled
-	if authDaemonEnabled {
+	if !disableSSH {
 		if err := startAuthDaemon(ctx); err != nil {
-			logger.Fatal("Failed to start auth daemon: %v", err)
+			logger.Warn("Did not start on site auth daemon: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
+
 	logger.GetLogger().SetLevel(loggerLevel)
 
 	// Initialize telemetry after flags are parsed (so flags override env)
@@ -656,9 +672,44 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 
 	endpoint = client.GetConfig().Endpoint // Update endpoint from config
 	id = client.GetConfig().ID             // Update ID from config
+	secret = client.GetConfig().Secret     // Update secret from config
 	// Update site labels for metrics with the resolved ID
 	telemetry.UpdateSiteInfo(id, region)
 
+	var tlsCfg *tls.Config
+	if opt != nil {
+		// Reuse the TLS configuration already set up for the websocket client.
+		tlsCfg, _ = websocket.BuildTLSConfig(tlsClientCert, tlsClientKey, tlsClientCAs, tlsPrivateKey)
+	}
+	doUpdate := func() {
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: running periodic update check")
+		if err := updates.CheckAndSelfUpdate(updates.SelfUpdateConfig{
+			Endpoint:       endpoint,
+			NewtID:         id,
+			Secret:         secret,
+			CurrentVersion: newtVersion,
+			Platform:       newtPlatform,
+			TLSConfig:      tlsCfg,
+		}); err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Auto-update check failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	go func() {
+		// wait for 2 minutes after startup before the first check to avoid interfering with initial provisioning and registration
+		time.Sleep(2 * time.Minute)
+		doUpdate() // run once at startup
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(6 * time.Hour)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				doUpdate()
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
 	// output env var values if set
 	logger.Debug("Endpoint: %v", endpoint)
 	logger.Debug("Log Level: %v", logLevel)
@@ -700,9 +751,25 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 	var connected bool
 	var wgData WgData
 	var dockerEventMonitor *docker.EventMonitor
+	var connectionBlocked atomic.Bool
+	var currentPM atomic.Pointer[proxy.ProxyManager]
+
+	// In-memory SSH credentials shared with the native SSH server started in
+	// the clients netstack once the WireGuard interface is ready.
+	var sshCredStore *nativessh.CredentialStore
+	if !disableSSH {
+		sshCredStore = nativessh.NewCredentialStore()
+	}
 
 	if !disableClients {
-		setupClients(client)
+		setupClients(client, sshCredStore)
+	}
+
+	// Initialize connection blocked state from config
+	connectionBlocked.Store(client.GetConfig().Blocked)
+	if connectionBlocked.Load() {
+		logger.Info("Connection blocking is enabled (from config)")
+		setClientsBlocked(true)
 	}
 
 	// Initialize health check monitor with status change callback
@@ -741,9 +808,17 @@ func runNewtMain(ctx context.Context) {
 			pingStopChan = nil
 		}
 
+		// Shutdown browser gateway if running
+		if browserGatewayStop != nil {
+			browserGatewayStop()
+			browserGatewayStop = nil
+			browserGateway = nil
+		}
+
 		// Stop proxy manager if running
 		if pm != nil {
 			pm.Stop()
+			currentPM.Store(nil)
 			pm = nil
 		}
 
@@ -914,6 +989,8 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 		pm.SetUDPIdleTimeout(udpProxyIdleTimeout)
 		// Set tunnel_id for metrics (WireGuard peer public key)
 		pm.SetTunnelID(wgData.PublicKey)
+		pm.SetBlocked(connectionBlocked.Load())
+		currentPM.Store(pm)
 
 		connected = true
 
@@ -947,6 +1024,42 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to start proxy manager: %v", err)
 		}
+
+		// Start browser gateway if targets are present
+		if len(wgData.BrowserGatewayTargets) > 0 {
+			// Shutdown any existing gateway first
+			if browserGatewayStop != nil {
+				browserGatewayStop()
+				browserGatewayStop = nil
+			}
+
+			bgTargets := make([]browsergateway.Target, 0, len(wgData.BrowserGatewayTargets))
+			for _, t := range wgData.BrowserGatewayTargets {
+				bgTargets = append(bgTargets, browsergateway.Target{
+					ID:              t.ID,
+					Type:            t.Type,
+					Destination:     t.Destination,
+					DestinationPort: t.DestinationPort,
+					AuthToken:       t.AuthToken,
+				})
+			}
+
+			browserGateway = browsergateway.New(browsergateway.Config{SSHCredentials: sshCredStore})
+			browserGateway.SetTargets(bgTargets)
+
+			ln, bgErr := tnet.ListenTCP(&net.TCPAddr{Port: browsergateway.ListenPort})
+			if bgErr != nil {
+				logger.Error("Failed to start browser gateway listener: %v", bgErr)
+			} else {
+				browserGatewayStop = func() { _ = ln.Close() }
+				go func() {
+					logger.Debug("Browser gateway started on port %d", browsergateway.ListenPort)
+					if startErr := browserGateway.Start(ln); startErr != nil {
+						logger.Error("Browser gateway stopped with error: %v", startErr)
+					}
+				}()
+			}
+		}
 	})
 
 	client.RegisterHandler("newt/wg/reconnect", func(msg websocket.WSMessage) {
@@ -983,6 +1096,19 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 		logger.Info("Tunnel destroyed, ready for reconnection")
 	})
 
+	client.RegisterHandler("newt/wg/restart", func(msg websocket.WSMessage) {
+		closeWgTunnel()
+		closeClients()
+		if healthMonitor != nil {
+			healthMonitor.Stop()
+		}
+		client.Close()
+		if err := reexec(); err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Failed to restart: %v", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	})
+
 	client.RegisterHandler("newt/wg/terminate", func(msg websocket.WSMessage) {
 		logger.Info("Received termination message")
 		if wgData.PublicKey != "" {
@@ -1482,10 +1608,6 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 		err = client.SendMessage("newt/socket/containers", map[string]interface{}{
 			"containers": containers,
 		})
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Error("Failed to send registration message: %v", err)
-		}
-
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to send Docker container list: %v", err)
 		} else {
@@ -1658,6 +1780,7 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 			AgentPort          int    `json:"agentPort"`
 			AgentHost          string `json:"agentHost"`
 			ExternalAuthDaemon bool   `json:"externalAuthDaemon"`
+			AuthDaemonMode     string `json:"authDaemonMode"` // site, remote, native
 			CACert             string `json:"caCert"`
 			Username           string `json:"username"`
 			NiceID             string `json:"niceId"`
@@ -1683,32 +1806,52 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 			logger.Error("Error unmarshaling SSH cert data: %v", err)
 			return
 		}
+		var authDaemonMode = "site"
+		if certData.AuthDaemonMode != "" {
+			authDaemonMode = certData.AuthDaemonMode
+		} else if certData.ExternalAuthDaemon { // this is for backward compatibility with older server versions that don't send authDaemonMode
+			authDaemonMode = "remote"
+		}
 
-		// Check if we're running the auth daemon internally
-		if authDaemonServer != nil && !certData.ExternalAuthDaemon { // if the auth daemon is running internally and the external auth daemon is not enabled
+		// Use a switch statement for AuthDaemonMode
+		switch authDaemonMode {
+		case "site":
 			// Call ProcessConnection directly when running internally
 			logger.Debug("Calling internal auth daemon ProcessConnection for user %s", certData.Username)
 
-			authDaemonServer.ProcessConnection(authdaemon.ConnectionRequest{
-				CaCert:   certData.CACert,
-				NiceId:   certData.NiceID,
-				Username: certData.Username,
-				Metadata: authdaemon.ConnectionMetadata{
-					SudoMode:     certData.Metadata.SudoMode,
-					SudoCommands: certData.Metadata.SudoCommands,
-					Homedir:      certData.Metadata.Homedir,
-					Groups:       certData.Metadata.Groups,
-				},
-			})
-
-			// Send success response back to cloud
-			err = client.SendMessage("ws/round-trip/complete", map[string]interface{}{
-				"messageId": certData.MessageId,
-				"complete":  true,
-			})
+			if authDaemonServer != nil {
+				authDaemonServer.ProcessConnection(authdaemon.ConnectionRequest{
+					CaCert:   certData.CACert,
+					NiceId:   certData.NiceID,
+					Username: certData.Username,
+					Metadata: authdaemon.ConnectionMetadata{
+						SudoMode:     certData.Metadata.SudoMode,
+						SudoCommands: certData.Metadata.SudoCommands,
+						Homedir:      certData.Metadata.Homedir,
+						Groups:       certData.Metadata.Groups,
+					},
+				})
+				// Send success response back to cloud
+				err = client.SendMessage("ws/round-trip/complete", map[string]interface{}{
+					"messageId": certData.MessageId,
+					"complete":  true,
+				})
+			} else {
+				logger.Error("Auth daemon server is not initialized, cannot process connection")
+				// Send failure response back to cloud
+				err = client.SendMessage("ws/round-trip/complete", map[string]interface{}{
+					"messageId": certData.MessageId,
+					"complete":  true,
+					"error":     "auth daemon server not initialized (enable by running Newt site connector as root)",
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.Error("Failed to send SSH cert failure response: %v", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
 
 			logger.Info("Successfully processed connection via internal auth daemon for user %s", certData.Username)
-		} else {
+		case "remote":
 			// External auth daemon mode - make HTTP request
 			// Check if auth daemon key is configured
 			if authDaemonKey == "" {
@@ -1805,6 +1948,48 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 			}
 
 			logger.Info("Successfully registered SSH certificate with external auth daemon for user %s", certData.Username)
+		case "native":
+			logger.Debug("Processing SSH cert for native SSH server for user %s", certData.Username)
+			if authDaemonServer != nil && sshCredStore != nil {
+				authDaemonServer.ProcessConnection(authdaemon.ConnectionRequest{
+					CaCert:   "", // dont write the cert to the host
+					NiceId:   "", // dont write the cert to the host
+					Username: certData.Username,
+					Metadata: authdaemon.ConnectionMetadata{ // but push the user
+						SudoMode:     certData.Metadata.SudoMode,
+						SudoCommands: certData.Metadata.SudoCommands,
+						Homedir:      certData.Metadata.Homedir,
+						Groups:       certData.Metadata.Groups,
+					},
+				})
+
+				// Update in-memory credentials used by the native SSH server.
+				if err := sshCredStore.SetCAKey(certData.CACert); err != nil {
+					logger.Error("nativessh: failed to set CA key: %v", err)
+				}
+				sshCredStore.AddPrincipals(certData.Username, certData.NiceID)
+				logger.Info("nativessh: updated credentials for user %s (niceId=%s)", certData.Username, certData.NiceID)
+			} else {
+				logger.Error("Auth daemon server or SSH credential store not initialized, cannot process connection")
+				// Send failure response back to cloud
+				err = client.SendMessage("ws/round-trip/complete", map[string]interface{}{
+					"messageId": certData.MessageId,
+					"complete":  true,
+					"error":     "auth daemon server or SSH credential store not initialized",
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.Error("Failed to send SSH cert failure response: %v", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		default:
+			logger.Error("Unknown auth daemon mode: %s", certData.AuthDaemonMode)
+			client.SendMessage("ws/round-trip/complete", map[string]interface{}{
+				"messageId": certData.MessageId,
+				"complete":  true,
+				"error":     fmt.Sprintf("unknown auth daemon mode: %s", certData.AuthDaemonMode),
+			})
+			return
 		}
 
 		// Send success response back to cloud
@@ -1817,6 +2002,94 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 		}
 	})
 
+	// Register handler for adding browser gateway targets dynamically
+	client.RegisterHandler("newt/browsergateway/add", func(msg websocket.WSMessage) {
+		logger.Debug("Received browser gateway add message")
+
+		type BrowserGatewayAddData struct {
+			Targets []BrowserGatewayTarget `json:"targets"`
+		}
+
+		var addData BrowserGatewayAddData
+		jsonData, err := json.Marshal(msg.Data)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Error marshaling browser gateway add data: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &addData); err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Error unmarshaling browser gateway add data: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if len(addData.Targets) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+
+		// If the gateway doesn't exist yet but we have a tunnel, start it
+		if browserGateway == nil && tnet != nil {
+			browserGateway = browsergateway.New(browsergateway.Config{SSHCredentials: sshCredStore})
+			ln, bgErr := tnet.ListenTCP(&net.TCPAddr{Port: browsergateway.ListenPort})
+			if bgErr != nil {
+				logger.Error("Failed to start browser gateway listener: %v", bgErr)
+				browserGateway = nil
+			} else {
+				browserGatewayStop = func() { _ = ln.Close() }
+				go func() {
+					logger.Debug("Browser gateway started on port %d", browsergateway.ListenPort)
+					if startErr := browserGateway.Start(ln); startErr != nil {
+						logger.Error("Browser gateway stopped with error: %v", startErr)
+					}
+				}()
+			}
+		}
+
+		if browserGateway == nil {
+			logger.Warn("Browser gateway not available, cannot add targets")
+			return
+		}
+
+		for _, t := range addData.Targets {
+			browserGateway.AddTarget(browsergateway.Target{
+				ID:              t.ID,
+				Type:            t.Type,
+				Destination:     t.Destination,
+				DestinationPort: t.DestinationPort,
+				AuthToken:       t.AuthToken,
+			})
+			logger.Debug("Added browser gateway target %d", t.ID)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Register handler for removing browser gateway targets dynamically
+	client.RegisterHandler("newt/browsergateway/remove", func(msg websocket.WSMessage) {
+		logger.Debug("Received browser gateway remove message")
+
+		type BrowserGatewayRemoveData struct {
+			IDs []int `json:"ids"`
+		}
+
+		var removeData BrowserGatewayRemoveData
+		jsonData, err := json.Marshal(msg.Data)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Error marshaling browser gateway remove data: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &removeData); err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Error unmarshaling browser gateway remove data: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if browserGateway == nil {
+			logger.Warn("Browser gateway not available, cannot remove targets")
+			return
+		}
+
+		for _, id := range removeData.IDs {
+			browserGateway.RemoveTarget(id)
+			logger.Debug("Removed browser gateway target %d", id)
+		}
+	})
+
 	client.OnConnect(func() error {
 		publicKey = privateKey.PublicKey()
 		logger.Debug("Public key: %s", publicKey)
@@ -1841,7 +2114,7 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 			} else {
 				logger.Warn("CLIENTS WILL NOT WORK ON THIS VERSION OF NEWT WITH THIS VERSION OF PANGOLIN, PLEASE UPDATE THE SERVER TO 1.13 OR HIGHER OR DOWNGRADE NEWT")
 			}
-			
+
 			sendBlueprint(client, blueprintFile)
 			if client.WasJustProvisioned() {
 				logger.Info("Provisioning detected – sending provisioning blueprint")
@@ -1889,6 +2162,62 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 		return nil
 	})
 
+	// Handle SIGHUP for config reload
+	sighupChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sighupChan, syscall.SIGHUP)
+	go func() {
+		defer signal.Stop(sighupChan)
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-sighupChan:
+				logger.Info("SIGHUP received, reloading config...")
+				cfgPath := client.GetConfigFilePath()
+				data, err := os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.Error("Failed to read config file on SIGHUP: %v", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				var newCfg websocket.Config
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &newCfg); err != nil {
+					logger.Error("Failed to parse config file on SIGHUP: %v", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				oldCfg := client.GetConfig()
+				// If credentials changed, clean up and re-exec ourselves with the same args
+				if newCfg.Endpoint != oldCfg.Endpoint || newCfg.ID != oldCfg.ID || newCfg.Secret != oldCfg.Secret {
+					logger.Info("Config credentials changed (endpoint/id/secret), restarting...")
+					closeWgTunnel()
+					closeClients()
+					if healthMonitor != nil {
+						healthMonitor.Stop()
+					}
+					client.Close()
+					if err := reexec(); err != nil {
+						logger.Error("Failed to restart: %v", err)
+						os.Exit(1)
+					}
+				}
+				// If blocked state changed, apply in-place without restart
+				if newCfg.Blocked != connectionBlocked.Load() {
+					connectionBlocked.Store(newCfg.Blocked)
+					if newCfg.Blocked {
+						logger.Debug("Config reload: connection blocking enabled")
+					} else {
+						logger.Debug("Config reload: connection blocking disabled")
+					}
+					if p := currentPM.Load(); p != nil {
+						p.SetBlocked(newCfg.Blocked)
+					}
+					setClientsBlocked(newCfg.Blocked)
+				} else {
+					logger.Debug("Config reload: no relevant changes detected")
+				}
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
 	// Connect to the WebSocket server
 	if err := client.Connect(); err != nil {
 		logger.Fatal("Failed to connect to server: %v", err)
@@ -1923,6 +2252,12 @@ persistent_keepalive_interval=5`, util.FixKey(privateKey.String()), util.FixKey(
 		}
 	}
 
+	if blueprintFile != "" {
+		go watchBlueprintFile(ctx, blueprintFile, func() error {
+			return sendBlueprint(client, blueprintFile)
+		})
+	}
+
 	// Wait for context cancellation (from signal or service stop)
 	<-ctx.Done()
 

nativessh/auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package nativessh
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+type staticConnMeta struct {
+	user string
+}
+
+func (m staticConnMeta) User() string          { return m.user }
+func (m staticConnMeta) SessionID() []byte     { return nil }
+func (m staticConnMeta) ClientVersion() []byte { return nil }
+func (m staticConnMeta) ServerVersion() []byte { return nil }
+func (m staticConnMeta) RemoteAddr() net.Addr  { return nil }
+func (m staticConnMeta) LocalAddr() net.Addr   { return nil }
+
+// CheckAuthorizedKeys reports whether key matches any entry in the system
+// user's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file.  Returns false (not an error) when the
+// user or file does not exist.
+func CheckAuthorizedKeys(username string, key ssh.PublicKey) bool {
+	u, err := user.Lookup(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(u.HomeDir, ".ssh", "authorized_keys"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	want := ssh.FingerprintSHA256(key)
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
+			continue
+		}
+		parsed, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(line))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ssh.FingerprintSHA256(parsed) == want {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// SystemUserExists reports whether a user account with the given name exists
+// on the host OS.
+func SystemUserExists(username string) bool {
+	_, err := user.Lookup(username)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// Authenticate authenticates a user for a browser-based native SSH session.
+// It tries, in order:
+//  1. Private key — parses privateKeyPEM and checks it against the user's
+//     ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
+//  2. Password — verifies password via the host OS PAM stack (Linux only).
+//
+// Returns nil on the first method that succeeds, or an error if all fail.
+func Authenticate(username, password, privateKeyPEM string) error {
+	return AuthenticateWithCertificate(nil, username, password, privateKeyPEM, "")
+}
+
+// AuthenticateWithCertificate authenticates a user for a browser-based native
+// SSH session using the same method ordering as the native SSH server:
+//  1. Private key in host ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
+//  2. SSH certificate signed by the configured CA (when provided).
+//  3. Password via host PAM stack.
+func AuthenticateWithCertificate(store *CredentialStore, username, password, privateKeyPEM, certificate string) error {
+	logger.Debug("nativessh: authenticating user %q (hasPassword=%v, hasPrivateKey=%v)", username, password != "", privateKeyPEM != "")
+	if !SystemUserExists(username) {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh: user %q not found on system", username)
+		return fmt.Errorf("user %q does not exist", username)
+	}
+
+	var signer ssh.Signer
+	if privateKeyPEM != "" {
+		parsedSigner, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey([]byte(privateKeyPEM))
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: failed to parse private key for %q: %v", username, err)
+		} else if CheckAuthorizedKeys(username, parsedSigner.PublicKey()) {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: private key auth succeeded for %q", username)
+			return nil
+		} else {
+			signer = parsedSigner
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: private key not in authorized_keys for %q", username)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if store != nil && certificate != "" {
+		if signer == nil {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: certificate provided for %q but no matching private key was provided", username)
+		} else {
+			pub, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(certificate))
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Debug("nativessh: failed to parse certificate for %q: %v", username, err)
+			} else {
+				cert, ok := pub.(*ssh.Certificate)
+				if !ok {
+					logger.Debug("nativessh: provided cert data for %q is not an SSH certificate", username)
+				} else if ssh.FingerprintSHA256(cert.Key) != ssh.FingerprintSHA256(signer.PublicKey()) {
+					logger.Debug("nativessh: certificate key mismatch for %q", username)
+				} else {
+					caKey, userPrincipals := store.get(username)
+					if caKey == nil {
+						logger.Debug("nativessh: CA key is not set for certificate auth user %q", username)
+					} else if len(userPrincipals) == 0 {
+						logger.Debug("nativessh: no allowed principals found for certificate auth user %q", username)
+					} else {
+						checker := &ssh.CertChecker{
+							IsUserAuthority: func(auth ssh.PublicKey) bool {
+								return ssh.FingerprintSHA256(auth) == ssh.FingerprintSHA256(caKey)
+							},
+						}
+
+						var lastErr error
+						for principal := range userPrincipals {
+							_, authErr := checker.Authenticate(staticConnMeta{user: principal}, cert)
+							if authErr == nil {
+								logger.Debug("nativessh: certificate auth succeeded for %q (principal=%q)", username, principal)
+								return nil
+							}
+							lastErr = authErr
+						}
+						if lastErr != nil {
+							logger.Debug("nativessh: certificate auth failed for %q: %v", username, lastErr)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if password != "" {
+		if err := VerifySystemPassword(username, password); err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: password auth failed for %q: %v", username, err)
+		} else {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: password auth succeeded for %q", username)
+			return nil
+		}
+	} else {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh: no password provided for %q", username)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("authentication failed for user %q", username)
+}

nativessh/pam_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package nativessh
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+	"github.com/go-crypt/crypt"
+	"github.com/go-crypt/x/yescrypt"
+)
+
+// VerifySystemPassword authenticates username/password by reading /etc/shadow.
+// Supports yescrypt ($y$), bcrypt ($2b$/$2a$/$2y$), SHA-512 ($6$), SHA-256
+// ($5$), argon2, scrypt, and other schemes handled by go-crypt/crypt.
+func VerifySystemPassword(username, password string) error {
+	hash, err := readShadowHash(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh/pam: readShadowHash for %q failed: %v", username, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("shadow: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Log the scheme prefix only (never the full hash).
+	scheme := "unknown"
+	for _, prefix := range []string{"$y$", "$2a$", "$2b$", "$2y$", "$6$", "$5$", "$1$"} {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(hash, prefix) {
+			scheme = prefix
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	logger.Debug("nativessh/pam: verifying password for %q using scheme %s", username, scheme)
+
+	// Yescrypt ($y$) is not in go-crypt/crypt's default decoder; handle it directly.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(hash, "$y$") {
+		computed, err := yescrypt.Hash([]byte(password), []byte(hash))
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh/pam: yescrypt.Hash for %q failed: %v", username, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("yescrypt: %w", err)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(computed, []byte(hash)) {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh/pam: yescrypt mismatch for %q", username)
+			return errors.New("authentication failed")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	decoder, err := crypt.NewDefaultDecoder()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("crypt decoder: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	digest, err := decoder.Decode(hash)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh/pam: failed to decode hash for %q: %v", username, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported password hash scheme %q: %w", scheme, err)
+	}
+
+	match, err := digest.MatchAdvanced(password)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh/pam: MatchAdvanced for %q failed: %v", username, err)
+		return err
+	}
+	if !match {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh/pam: password mismatch for %q", username)
+		return errors.New("authentication failed")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// readShadowHash reads /etc/shadow and returns the password hash for username.
+func readShadowHash(username string) (string, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open("/etc/shadow")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		fields := strings.SplitN(scanner.Text(), ":", 3)
+		if len(fields) < 2 || fields[0] != username {
+			continue
+		}
+		h := fields[1]
+		if h == "" || h == "*" || strings.HasPrefix(h, "!") || h == "x" {
+			return "", errors.New("account locked or has no password")
+		}
+		return h, nil
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return "", errors.New("user not found in shadow database")
+}

nativessh/pam_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package nativessh
+
+import "errors"
+
+// VerifySystemPassword is not supported on non-Linux platforms; it always
+// returns an error so that password authentication is never accepted.
+func VerifySystemPassword(username, password string) error {
+	return errors.New("password authentication not supported on this platform")
+}

nativessh/pty.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package nativessh
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/creack/pty"
+)
+
+// PTYSession is a running shell process attached to a PTY.
+// It implements io.ReadWriteCloser so it can be bridged to any transport.
+type PTYSession struct {
+	ptmx     *os.File
+	cmd      *exec.Cmd
+	waitOnce sync.Once
+	exitCode int
+}
+
+// findShell returns the path to the best available interactive shell by
+// checking preferred shells in order, falling back to /bin/sh.
+func findShell() string {
+	preferred := []string{"zsh", "bash", "fish", "ksh", "sh"}
+	for _, name := range preferred {
+		if path, err := exec.LookPath(name); err == nil {
+			return path
+		}
+	}
+	return "/bin/sh"
+}
+
+// userShell returns the login shell configured for u in /etc/passwd.
+// If the field is empty or the binary does not exist, it falls back to
+// findShell so there is always a usable shell.
+func userShell(u *user.User) string {
+	if shell := passwdShell(u.Username); shell != "" {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(shell); err == nil {
+			return shell
+		}
+	}
+	return findShell()
+}
+
+// passwdShell reads /etc/passwd and returns the login shell for the named user.
+// Returns "" if the user is not found or the file cannot be read.
+func passwdShell(username string) string {
+	f, err := os.Open("/etc/passwd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if line == "" || line[0] == '#' {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Fields: username:password:uid:gid:gecos:home:shell
+		fields := strings.SplitN(line, ":", 7)
+		if len(fields) == 7 && fields[0] == username {
+			return fields[6]
+		}
+	}
+	_ = scanner.Err()
+	return ""
+}
+
+// NewPTYSession spawns the best available shell in a PTY.
+func NewPTYSession() (*PTYSession, error) {
+	shell := findShell()
+	cmd := exec.Command(shell)
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "TERM=xterm-256color")
+	ptmx, err := pty.Start(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pty start: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &PTYSession{ptmx: ptmx, cmd: cmd}, nil
+}
+
+// Read reads output from the PTY.
+func (p *PTYSession) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	return p.ptmx.Read(b)
+}
+
+// Write writes input to the PTY.
+func (p *PTYSession) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	return p.ptmx.Write(b)
+}
+
+// Resize changes the PTY window size.
+func (p *PTYSession) Resize(cols, rows uint16) error {
+	return pty.Setsize(p.ptmx, &pty.Winsize{Cols: cols, Rows: rows})
+}
+
+// wait waits for the child process to exit exactly once and records its exit
+// code. Safe to call concurrently or multiple times.
+func (p *PTYSession) wait() {
+	p.waitOnce.Do(func() {
+		err := p.cmd.Wait()
+		if err != nil {
+			var exitErr *exec.ExitError
+			if errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+				p.exitCode = exitErr.ExitCode()
+				return
+			}
+			p.exitCode = 1
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// ExitCode waits for the shell process to exit and returns its exit code.
+// It is safe to call before or after Close.
+func (p *PTYSession) ExitCode() int {
+	p.wait()
+	return p.exitCode
+}
+
+// Close closes the PTY and waits for the child process to exit.
+func (p *PTYSession) Close() error {
+	err := p.ptmx.Close()
+	p.wait()
+	return err
+}

nativessh/pty_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package nativessh
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"strconv"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/creack/pty"
+)
+
+// NewPTYSessionAs spawns an interactive shell in a PTY running as the given
+// system user.  The calling process must have sufficient privileges (typically
+// root / CAP_SETUID) to switch to a different UID/GID.
+func NewPTYSessionAs(username string) (*PTYSession, error) {
+	u, err := user.Lookup(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("user lookup %q: %w", username, err)
+	}
+	uid, err := strconv.ParseUint(u.Uid, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse uid: %w", err)
+	}
+	gid, err := strconv.ParseUint(u.Gid, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse gid: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Collect supplementary group IDs.
+	groupIDs, err := u.GroupIds()
+	if err != nil {
+		groupIDs = []string{}
+	}
+	var groups []uint32
+	for _, g := range groupIDs {
+		gval, err := strconv.ParseUint(g, 10, 32)
+		if err == nil {
+			groups = append(groups, uint32(gval))
+		}
+	}
+
+	shell := userShell(u)
+
+	// Prefer the user's home directory as the working directory, but fall back
+	// to / if it does not exist (e.g. useradd was run without -m).
+	homeDir := u.HomeDir
+	if _, err := os.Stat(homeDir); err != nil {
+		homeDir = "/"
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(shell, "--login")
+	cmd.Env = []string{
+		"TERM=xterm-256color",
+		"HOME=" + u.HomeDir,
+		"USER=" + username,
+		"LOGNAME=" + username,
+		"SHELL=" + shell,
+		"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
+	}
+	cmd.Dir = homeDir
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Credential: &syscall.Credential{
+			Uid:    uint32(uid),
+			Gid:    uint32(gid),
+			Groups: groups,
+		},
+	}
+
+	ptmx, err := pty.Start(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pty start: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &PTYSession{ptmx: ptmx, cmd: cmd}, nil
+}

nativessh/server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package nativessh
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+// CredentialStore holds in-memory SSH credentials that can be updated at runtime.
+// It is safe for concurrent use.
+type CredentialStore struct {
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+	caKey      ssh.PublicKey
+	principals map[string]map[string]struct{} // username -> set of allowed principals
+}
+
+// connMetaWithUser wraps ConnMetadata while overriding User() for cert checks.
+type connMetaWithUser struct {
+	ssh.ConnMetadata
+	user string
+}
+
+func (m connMetaWithUser) User() string { return m.user }
+
+// NewCredentialStore returns an empty, ready-to-use CredentialStore.
+func NewCredentialStore() *CredentialStore {
+	return &CredentialStore{
+		principals: make(map[string]map[string]struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+// SetCAKey parses and stores the CA public key from authorized_keys-format data.
+func (s *CredentialStore) SetCAKey(authorizedKeyData string) error {
+	key, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(authorizedKeyData))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse CA key: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.caKey = key
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AddPrincipals records username and niceId as allowed principals for username.
+// Both values are stored; either can appear in the certificate's ValidPrincipals
+// field to satisfy the standard cert-auth principal check.
+func (s *CredentialStore) AddPrincipals(username, niceId string) {
+	username = strings.TrimSpace(username)
+	niceId = strings.TrimSpace(niceId)
+	if username == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.principals[username] == nil {
+		s.principals[username] = make(map[string]struct{})
+	}
+	s.principals[username][username] = struct{}{}
+	if niceId != "" {
+		s.principals[username][niceId] = struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+// get returns the CA key and the principal set for username under a read lock.
+func (s *CredentialStore) get(username string) (ssh.PublicKey, map[string]struct{}) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.caKey, s.principals[username]
+}
+
+// ServerConfig holds configuration for the native SSH server.
+type ServerConfig struct {
+	// ListenAddr is the TCP address to listen on. Defaults to ":2222".
+	ListenAddr string
+	// Credentials provides in-memory CA key and per-user principals.
+	// Updates to the store are reflected immediately for new connections.
+	// If nil or the store has no CA key set, all connections are rejected.
+	Credentials *CredentialStore
+}
+
+// Server is a simple SSH server that authenticates clients via SSH certificate
+// auth only. Certificates must be signed by the configured CA and the
+// connecting username must appear in both the certificate's principal list and
+// the local principals file.
+type Server struct {
+	cfg ServerConfig
+}
+
+// NewServer creates a new Server. The ListenAddr defaults to ":2222" when empty.
+func NewServer(cfg ServerConfig) *Server {
+	if cfg.ListenAddr == "" {
+		cfg.ListenAddr = ":2222"
+	}
+	return &Server{cfg: cfg}
+}
+
+// buildSSHConfig builds the ssh.ServerConfig with multi-method authentication:
+//  1. Public key: host ~/.ssh/authorized_keys, then CA certificate.
+//  2. Password: system PAM stack (Linux only).
+func (s *Server) buildSSHConfig() (*ssh.ServerConfig, error) {
+	hostSigner, err := generateHostKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("host key: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg := &ssh.ServerConfig{
+		PublicKeyCallback: makePublicKeyCallback(s.cfg.Credentials),
+		PasswordCallback:  makePasswordCallback(),
+	}
+	cfg.AddHostKey(hostSigner)
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+// Serve accepts connections on ln and handles them. It returns when ln is
+// closed or a non-temporary Accept error occurs.
+func (s *Server) Serve(ln net.Listener) error {
+	sshCfg, err := s.buildSSHConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	logger.Debug("nativessh: server listening on %s", ln.Addr())
+	for {
+		conn, err := ln.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		go s.handleConn(conn, sshCfg)
+	}
+}
+
+// ListenAndServe starts the SSH server on the host network and blocks until
+// the listener is closed.
+func (s *Server) ListenAndServe() error {
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", s.cfg.ListenAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("listen %s: %w", s.cfg.ListenAddr, err)
+	}
+	defer ln.Close()
+	return s.Serve(ln)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) handleConn(conn net.Conn, cfg *ssh.ServerConfig) {
+	defer conn.Close()
+	sshConn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewServerConn(conn, cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh: handshake failed from %s: %v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer sshConn.Close()
+	logger.Debug("nativessh: connection from %s user=%s", conn.RemoteAddr(), sshConn.User())
+
+	go ssh.DiscardRequests(reqs)
+
+	for newChan := range chans {
+		if newChan.ChannelType() != "session" {
+			_ = newChan.Reject(ssh.UnknownChannelType, "unknown channel type")
+			continue
+		}
+		ch, requests, err := newChan.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: channel accept error: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		go s.handleSession(ch, requests, sshConn.User())
+	}
+}
+
+// handleSession drives a single SSH session channel. It waits for a pty-req
+// followed by a shell request and then bridges the PTY to the channel.
+func (s *Server) handleSession(ch ssh.Channel, requests <-chan *ssh.Request, username string) {
+	defer ch.Close()
+
+	var (
+		sess    *PTYSession
+		started bool
+	)
+
+	for req := range requests {
+		switch req.Type {
+		case "pty-req":
+			var err error
+			if sess == nil {
+				sess, err = NewPTYSessionAs(username)
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.Debug("nativessh: PTY start error: %v", err)
+					if req.WantReply {
+						_ = req.Reply(false, nil)
+					}
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			cols, rows := parsePTYReq(req.Payload)
+			_ = sess.Resize(cols, rows)
+			if req.WantReply {
+				_ = req.Reply(true, nil)
+			}
+
+		case "shell":
+			if req.WantReply {
+				_ = req.Reply(true, nil)
+			}
+			if started || sess == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			started = true
+			// PTY output → SSH channel.
+			go func() {
+				_, _ = io.Copy(ch, sess)
+				// Notify the client of the shell's exit status so it can
+				// disconnect cleanly instead of requiring a manual disconnect.
+				exitCode := sess.ExitCode()
+				exitStatusPayload := ssh.Marshal(struct{ Status uint32 }{uint32(exitCode)})
+				_, _ = ch.SendRequest("exit-status", false, exitStatusPayload)
+				_ = ch.CloseWrite()
+				sess.Close() //nolint:errcheck
+				// Close the channel so the ssh library closes the requests
+				// channel, which unblocks the for-range loop in handleSession
+				// and allows the deferred ch.Close() to run. Without this,
+				// handleSession blocks forever waiting for requests to drain.
+				_ = ch.Close()
+			}()
+			// SSH channel input → PTY stdin.
+			go func() {
+				_, _ = io.Copy(sess, ch)
+			}()
+
+		case "exec":
+			if req.WantReply {
+				_ = req.Reply(true, nil)
+			}
+			cmd := parseExecPayload(req.Payload)
+			go s.runExecAs(ch, username, cmd)
+			// Drain remaining requests; the goroutine owns the channel now.
+			go ssh.DiscardRequests(requests)
+			return
+
+		case "window-change":
+			if sess != nil {
+				cols, rows := parseWindowChange(req.Payload)
+				_ = sess.Resize(cols, rows)
+			}
+			if req.WantReply {
+				_ = req.Reply(true, nil)
+			}
+
+		default:
+			if req.WantReply {
+				_ = req.Reply(false, nil)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if sess != nil && !started {
+		sess.Close() //nolint:errcheck
+	}
+}
+
+// runExecAs runs command as username, wiring stdin/stdout/stderr directly to
+// the SSH channel (no PTY). This supports scp, rsync, and plain exec requests.
+func (s *Server) runExecAs(ch ssh.Channel, username, command string) {
+	defer ch.Close()
+
+	u, err := user.Lookup(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh: exec user lookup %q: %v", username, err)
+		sendExitStatus(ch, 1)
+		return
+	}
+
+	uid, err := strconv.ParseUint(u.Uid, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh: exec parse uid for %q: %v", username, err)
+		sendExitStatus(ch, 1)
+		return
+	}
+	gid, err := strconv.ParseUint(u.Gid, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("nativessh: exec parse gid for %q: %v", username, err)
+		sendExitStatus(ch, 1)
+		return
+	}
+
+	groupIDs, _ := u.GroupIds()
+	var groups []uint32
+	for _, g := range groupIDs {
+		gval, err := strconv.ParseUint(g, 10, 32)
+		if err == nil {
+			groups = append(groups, uint32(gval))
+		}
+	}
+
+	homeDir := u.HomeDir
+	if _, err := os.Stat(homeDir); err != nil {
+		homeDir = "/"
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command("/bin/sh", "-c", command)
+	cmd.Env = []string{
+		"HOME=" + u.HomeDir,
+		"USER=" + username,
+		"LOGNAME=" + username,
+		"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
+	}
+	cmd.Dir = homeDir
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Credential: &syscall.Credential{
+			Uid:    uint32(uid),
+			Gid:    uint32(gid),
+			Groups: groups,
+		},
+	}
+	cmd.Stdin = ch
+	cmd.Stdout = ch
+	cmd.Stderr = ch.Stderr()
+
+	exitCode := 0
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		var exitErr *exec.ExitError
+		if errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+			exitCode = exitErr.ExitCode()
+		} else {
+			exitCode = 1
+		}
+		logger.Debug("nativessh: exec %q as %q exited: %v", command, username, err)
+	}
+
+	sendExitStatus(ch, exitCode)
+	_ = ch.CloseWrite()
+}
+
+// sendExitStatus sends an SSH exit-status request on ch.
+func sendExitStatus(ch ssh.Channel, code int) {
+	payload := ssh.Marshal(struct{ Status uint32 }{uint32(code)})
+	_, _ = ch.SendRequest("exit-status", false, payload)
+}
+
+// parseExecPayload decodes the command string from an SSH exec request payload.
+func parseExecPayload(payload []byte) string {
+	var msg struct{ Command string }
+	if err := ssh.Unmarshal(payload, &msg); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return msg.Command
+}
+
+// makePublicKeyCallback returns a PublicKeyCallback that tries, in order:
+//  1. Host authorized_keys  – matches any key in the OS user's
+//     ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file.
+//  2. CA certificate        – validates an SSH certificate signed by the
+//     configured CA and checks that the user appears in the principals map.
+//
+// store may be nil or empty; those paths are simply skipped.
+func makePublicKeyCallback(store *CredentialStore) func(ssh.ConnMetadata, ssh.PublicKey) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
+	return func(meta ssh.ConnMetadata, key ssh.PublicKey) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
+		// 1. Host authorized_keys.
+		if CheckAuthorizedKeys(meta.User(), key) {
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: authorized_keys auth for user %q", meta.User())
+			return &ssh.Permissions{}, nil
+		}
+
+		// 2. CA certificate.
+		if store != nil {
+			caKey, userPrincipals := store.get(meta.User())
+			if caKey != nil {
+				checker := &ssh.CertChecker{
+					IsUserAuthority: func(auth ssh.PublicKey) bool {
+						return ssh.FingerprintSHA256(auth) == ssh.FingerprintSHA256(caKey)
+					},
+				}
+
+				if len(userPrincipals) == 0 {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("user %q not in allowed principals list", meta.User())
+				}
+
+				var lastErr error
+				for principal := range userPrincipals {
+					perms, err := checker.Authenticate(connMetaWithUser{ConnMetadata: meta, user: principal}, key)
+					if err == nil {
+						logger.Debug("nativessh: CA cert auth for user %q principal=%q", meta.User(), principal)
+						return perms, nil
+					}
+					lastErr = err
+				}
+
+				if lastErr != nil {
+					logger.Debug("nativessh: CA cert rejected for user %q: %v", meta.User(), lastErr)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("public key not authorized for user %q", meta.User())
+	}
+}
+
+// makePasswordCallback returns a PasswordCallback that validates the supplied
+// password via the host OS PAM stack.  On non-Linux platforms this always
+// fails (see pam_other.go).
+func makePasswordCallback() func(ssh.ConnMetadata, []byte) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
+	return func(meta ssh.ConnMetadata, password []byte) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
+		if err := VerifySystemPassword(meta.User(), string(password)); err != nil {
+			// Return a generic message to the client; log the real reason.
+			logger.Debug("nativessh: password auth failed for user %q: %v", meta.User(), err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("permission denied")
+		}
+		logger.Debug("nativessh: password auth for user %q", meta.User())
+		return &ssh.Permissions{}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// generateHostKey generates a fresh ephemeral Ed25519 host key in memory.
+// A new key is created on every server start; nothing is written to disk.
+func generateHostKey() (ssh.Signer, error) {
+	_, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate host key: %w", err)
+	}
+	logger.Debug("nativessh: generated ephemeral Ed25519 host key")
+	return ssh.NewSignerFromKey(priv)
+}
+
+// ptyRequestMsg mirrors the SSH wire format for pty-req (RFC 4254 §6.2).
+type ptyRequestMsg struct {
+	Term     string
+	Columns  uint32
+	Rows     uint32
+	Width    uint32
+	Height   uint32
+	Modelist string
+}
+
+func parsePTYReq(payload []byte) (cols, rows uint16) {
+	var req ptyRequestMsg
+	if err := ssh.Unmarshal(payload, &req); err != nil {
+		return 80, 24
+	}
+	return uint16(req.Columns), uint16(req.Rows)
+}
+
+// windowChangeMsg mirrors the SSH wire format for window-change (RFC 4254 §6.7).
+type windowChangeMsg struct {
+	Columns uint32
+	Rows    uint32
+	Width   uint32
+	Height  uint32
+}
+
+func parseWindowChange(payload []byte) (cols, rows uint16) {
+	var msg windowChangeMsg
+	if err := ssh.Unmarshal(payload, &msg); err != nil {
+		return 80, 24
+	}
+	return uint16(msg.Columns), uint16(msg.Rows)
+}

nativessh/server_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package nativessh
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+// CredentialStore is a stub on Windows. Native SSH is not supported on Windows.
+type CredentialStore struct {
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+	principals map[string]map[string]struct{}
+}
+
+// NewCredentialStore returns an empty CredentialStore stub.
+// Native SSH is not supported on Windows; a warning is logged.
+func NewCredentialStore() *CredentialStore {
+	log.Println("WARNING: native SSH is not supported on Windows and will be disabled")
+	return &CredentialStore{
+		principals: make(map[string]map[string]struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+// SetCAKey is a no-op stub on Windows.
+func (s *CredentialStore) SetCAKey(_ string) error {
+	return errors.New("native SSH not supported on Windows")
+}
+
+// AddPrincipals is a no-op stub on Windows.
+func (s *CredentialStore) AddPrincipals(_, _ string) {}
+
+// get returns nil CA key and empty principals on Windows.
+func (s *CredentialStore) get(_ string) (ssh.PublicKey, map[string]struct{}) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// ServerConfig holds configuration for the native SSH server (stub on Windows).
+type ServerConfig struct {
+	ListenAddr  string
+	Credentials *CredentialStore
+}
+
+// Server is a stub on Windows.
+type Server struct{}
+
+// NewServer returns a stub Server and logs a warning.
+func NewServer(cfg ServerConfig) *Server {
+	return &Server{}
+}
+
+// ListenAndServe always returns an error on Windows.
+func (s *Server) ListenAndServe() error {
+	return errors.New("native SSH not supported on Windows")
+}
+
+// Serve always returns an error on Windows.
+func (s *Server) Serve(_ net.Listener) error {
+	return errors.New("native SSH not supported on Windows")
+}

netstack2/handlers.go

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
 package netstack2
 
 import (
@@ -144,6 +139,13 @@ func (h *TCPHandler) handleTCPConn(netstackConn *gonet.TCPConn, id stack.Transpo
 	dstIP := id.LocalAddress.String()
 	dstPort := id.LocalPort
 
+	// Drop connection if blocking is enabled
+	if h.proxyHandler != nil && h.proxyHandler.IsBlocked() {
+		logger.Debug("TCP Forwarder: connection blocked: %s:%d -> %s:%d", srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
+		netstackConn.Close()
+		return
+	}
+
 	// For HTTP/HTTPS ports, look up the matching subnet rule. If the rule has
 	// Protocol configured, hand the connection off to the HTTP handler which
 	// takes full ownership of the lifecycle (the defer close must not be
@@ -315,6 +317,12 @@ func (h *UDPHandler) handleUDPConn(netstackConn *gonet.UDPConn, id stack.Transpo
 
 	logger.Info("UDP Forwarder: Handling connection %s:%d -> %s:%d", srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
 
+	// Drop connection if blocking is enabled
+	if h.proxyHandler != nil && h.proxyHandler.IsBlocked() {
+		logger.Debug("UDP Forwarder: connection blocked: %s:%d -> %s:%d", srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
+		return
+	}
+
 	// Check if there's a destination rewrite for this connection (e.g., localhost targets)
 	actualDstIP := dstIP
 	if h.proxyHandler != nil {

netstack2/http_handler.go

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
 package netstack2
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 type HTTPTarget struct {
 	DestAddr string `json:"destAddr"` // IP address or hostname of the downstream service
 	DestPort uint16 `json:"destPort"` // TCP port of the downstream service
-	Scheme string   `json:"scheme"` // When true the outbound leg uses HTTPS
+	Scheme   string `json:"scheme"`   // When true the outbound leg uses HTTPS
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -129,18 +126,23 @@ func (l *chanListener) send(conn net.Conn) bool {
 // httpConnCtx – conn wrapper that carries a SubnetRule through the listener
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-// httpConnCtx wraps a net.Conn so the matching SubnetRule can be passed
-// through the chanListener into the http.Server's ConnContext callback,
-// making it available to request handlers via the request context.
+// httpConnCtx wraps a net.Conn so the matching SubnetRule and TLS state can
+// be passed through the chanListener into the http.Server's ConnContext
+// callback, making them available to request handlers via the request context.
 type httpConnCtx struct {
 	net.Conn
-	rule *SubnetRule
+	rule  *SubnetRule
+	isTLS bool // true when the conn was wrapped with tls.Server
 }
 
 // connCtxKey is the unexported context key used to store a *SubnetRule on the
 // per-connection context created by http.Server.ConnContext.
 type connCtxKey struct{}
 
+// connTLSKey is the unexported context key used to store the isTLS flag on
+// the per-connection context created by http.Server.ConnContext.
+type connTLSKey struct{}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Constructor and lifecycle
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -173,7 +175,8 @@ func (h *HTTPHandler) Start() error {
 		// that handleRequest can retrieve it without any global state.
 		ConnContext: func(ctx context.Context, c net.Conn) context.Context {
 			if cc, ok := c.(*httpConnCtx); ok {
-				return context.WithValue(ctx, connCtxKey{}, cc.rule)
+				ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, connCtxKey{}, cc.rule)
+				ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, connTLSKey{}, cc.isTLS)
 			}
 			return ctx
 		},
@@ -201,19 +204,28 @@ func (h *HTTPHandler) HandleConn(conn net.Conn, rule *SubnetRule) {
 	var effectiveConn net.Conn = conn
 
 	if rule.Protocol == "https" {
-		tlsCfg, err := h.getTLSConfig(rule)
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Error("HTTP handler: cannot build TLS config for connection from %s: %v",
-				conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
-			conn.Close()
-			return
+		// Only perform TLS termination for connections arriving on port 443.
+		// Connections on port 80 are passed through as plain HTTP so that
+		// handleRequest can issue the HTTP→HTTPS redirect.
+		doTLS := false
+		if tcpAddr, ok := conn.LocalAddr().(*net.TCPAddr); ok {
+			doTLS = tcpAddr.Port == 443
+		}
+		if doTLS {
+			tlsCfg, err := h.getTLSConfig(rule)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Error("HTTP handler: cannot build TLS config for connection from %s: %v",
+					conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
+				conn.Close()
+				return
+			}
+			// tls.Server wraps the raw conn; the TLS handshake is deferred until
+			// the first Read, which the http.Server will trigger naturally.
+			effectiveConn = tls.Server(conn, tlsCfg)
 		}
-		// tls.Server wraps the raw conn; the TLS handshake is deferred until
-		// the first Read, which the http.Server will trigger naturally.
-		effectiveConn = tls.Server(conn, tlsCfg)
 	}
 
-	wrapped := &httpConnCtx{Conn: effectiveConn, rule: rule}
+	wrapped := &httpConnCtx{Conn: effectiveConn, rule: rule, isTLS: effectiveConn != conn}
 	if !h.listener.send(wrapped) {
 		// Listener is already closed — clean up the orphaned connection.
 		effectiveConn.Close()
@@ -289,12 +301,22 @@ func (h *HTTPHandler) getProxy(target HTTPTarget) *httputil.ReverseProxy {
 	proxy := &httputil.ReverseProxy{
 		Rewrite: func(pr *httputil.ProxyRequest) {
 			pr.SetURL(targetURL)
+			if host := pr.In.Host; host != "" {
+				pr.Out.Host = host
+			}
 			// SetXForwarded sets X-Forwarded-For from the inbound request's
 			// RemoteAddr (the WireGuard/netstack client address), along with
 			// X-Forwarded-Host and X-Forwarded-Proto. Using Rewrite instead of
 			// Director means the proxy does not append its own automatic
 			// X-Forwarded-For entry, so the header is set exactly once.
 			pr.SetXForwarded()
+
+			// SetXForwarded derives X-Forwarded-Proto from pr.In.TLS,
+			// which is nil because httpConnCtx wraps *tls.Conn behind
+			// net.Conn. Override using the context flag set by ConnContext.
+			if isTLS, _ := pr.In.Context().Value(connTLSKey{}).(bool); isTLS {
+				pr.Out.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-Proto", "https")
+			}
 		},
 		Transport: transport,
 	}
@@ -322,6 +344,24 @@ func (sc *statusCapture) WriteHeader(code int) {
 	sc.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
 }
 
+func (sc *statusCapture) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
+	return sc.ResponseWriter
+}
+
+func (sc *statusCapture) Flush() {
+	if flusher, ok := sc.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher); ok {
+		flusher.Flush()
+	}
+}
+
+func (sc *statusCapture) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
+	hijacker, ok := sc.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("underlying response writer does not support hijacking")
+	}
+	return hijacker.Hijack()
+}
+
 // handleRequest is the http.Handler entry point. It retrieves the SubnetRule
 // attached to the connection by ConnContext, selects the first configured
 // downstream target, and forwards the request via the cached ReverseProxy.
@@ -336,16 +376,20 @@ func (h *HTTPHandler) handleRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// If the rule is plain HTTP but has a TLS certificate configured, redirect
-	// the client to the HTTPS equivalent of the requested URL.
-	if rule.Protocol == "http" && rule.TLSCert != "" && rule.TLSKey != "" {
+	// If the rule is HTTPS but the incoming request arrived over plain HTTP
+	// (port 80), redirect to HTTPS. We use the isTLS flag stored on the
+	// connection context rather than r.TLS, because Go's http.Server calls
+	// ConnectionState() before the TLS handshake completes, so r.TLS.Version
+	// is 0 even for genuine TLS connections at that point.
+	isTLS, _ := r.Context().Value(connTLSKey{}).(bool)
+	if rule.Protocol == "https" && !isTLS {
 		host := r.Host
 		if host == "" {
 			host = r.URL.Host
 		}
 		httpsURL := "https://" + host + r.RequestURI
 		logger.Info("HTTP handler: redirecting %s %s -> %s (TLS cert present)", r.Method, r.URL.RequestURI(), httpsURL)
-		http.Redirect(w, r, httpsURL, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
+		http.Redirect(w, r, httpsURL, http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 		return
 	}
 

netstack2/http_handler_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package netstack2
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+)
+
+func TestHTTPHandlerProxiesWebSocketUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
+	upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{}
+	backend := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("upgrade failed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		messageType, payload, err := conn.ReadMessage()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("read failed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if err := conn.WriteMessage(messageType, append([]byte("echo:"), payload...)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("write failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer backend.Close()
+
+	backendURL, err := url.Parse(backend.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse backend URL: %v", err)
+	}
+	backendHost, backendPort, err := net.SplitHostPort(backendURL.Host)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("split backend host: %v", err)
+	}
+	port, err := net.LookupPort("tcp", backendPort)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse backend port: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	handler := NewHTTPHandler(nil, nil)
+	rule := &SubnetRule{
+		Protocol: "http",
+		HTTPTargets: []HTTPTarget{
+			{
+				DestAddr: backendHost,
+				DestPort: uint16(port),
+				Scheme:   backendURL.Scheme,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	frontend := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), connCtxKey{}, rule)
+		handler.handleRequest(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+	}))
+	defer frontend.Close()
+
+	frontendURL, err := url.Parse(frontend.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse frontend URL: %v", err)
+	}
+	wsURL := url.URL{
+		Scheme:   "ws",
+		Host:     frontendURL.Host,
+		Path:     "/socket",
+		RawQuery: "token=test",
+	}
+
+	conn, _, err := websocket.DefaultDialer.Dial(wsURL.String(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dial websocket through proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	if err := conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, []byte("hello")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write websocket message: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	messageType, payload, err := conn.ReadMessage()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read websocket message: %v", err)
+	}
+	if messageType != websocket.TextMessage {
+		t.Fatalf("message type = %d, want %d", messageType, websocket.TextMessage)
+	}
+	if got, want := string(payload), "echo:hello"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("payload = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}

netstack2/proxy.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ type ProxyHandler struct {
 	notifiable        channel.Notification // Notification handler for triggering reads
 	accessLogger      *AccessLogger        // Access logger for tracking sessions
 	httpRequestLogger *HTTPRequestLogger   // HTTP request logger for proxied HTTP/HTTPS requests
+	blocked           atomic.Bool          // when true, all new connections are dropped
 }
 
 // ProxyHandlerOptions configures the proxy handler
@@ -240,6 +242,28 @@ func (p *ProxyHandler) AddSubnetRule(rule SubnetRule) {
 	p.subnetLookup.AddSubnet(rule)
 }
 
+// SetBlocked enables or disables connection blocking on this proxy handler.
+// When enabled, all new TCP/UDP connections from the tunnel are dropped immediately.
+func (p *ProxyHandler) SetBlocked(v bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	p.blocked.Store(v)
+	if v {
+		logger.Debug("ProxyHandler: connection blocking enabled")
+	} else {
+		logger.Debug("ProxyHandler: connection blocking disabled")
+	}
+}
+
+// IsBlocked returns true if connection blocking is currently enabled.
+func (p *ProxyHandler) IsBlocked() bool {
+	if p == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return p.blocked.Load()
+}
+
 // RemoveSubnetRule removes a subnet from the proxy handler
 func (p *ProxyHandler) RemoveSubnetRule(sourcePrefix, destPrefix netip.Prefix) {
 	if p == nil || !p.enabled {
@@ -572,6 +596,18 @@ func (p *ProxyHandler) HandleIncomingPacket(packet []byte) bool {
 
 				// Store destination rewrite for handler lookups
 				p.destRewriteTable[dKey] = newDst
+
+				// Also store the resource ID under the rewritten destination key so that
+				// TCP/UDP handlers can find it after DNAT (they see the post-NAT dst IP).
+				if matchedRule.ResourceId != 0 {
+					rewrittenKey := destKey{
+						srcIP:   srcAddr.String(),
+						dstIP:   newDst.String(),
+						dstPort: dstPort,
+						proto:   uint8(protocol),
+					}
+					p.resourceTable[rewrittenKey] = matchedRule.ResourceId
+				}
 				p.natMu.Unlock()
 				logger.Debug("New NAT entry for connection: %s -> %s", dstAddr, newDst)
 			}
@@ -600,7 +636,7 @@ func (p *ProxyHandler) HandleIncomingPacket(packet []byte) bool {
 	}
 
 	// logger.Debug("HandleIncomingPacket: No matching rule for %s -> %s (proto=%d, port=%d)",
-		// srcAddr, dstAddr, protocol, dstPort)
+	// srcAddr, dstAddr, protocol, dstPort)
 	return false
 }
 

netstack2/tun.go

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
 package netstack2
 
 import (

packages/advantech/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.build
+*.tgz
+bin

packages/advantech/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+MODNAME     := newt
+VERSION     := 1.12.5
+RELEASE_URL := https://github.com/fosrl/newt/releases/download/$(VERSION)
+PLATFORM    ?= v4
+
+# Map Advantech platform to newt release binary name
+arch_v4  := arm64
+arch_v4i := arm64
+arch_v3  := arm32
+arch_v2  := arm32
+arch_v2i := arm32
+
+NEWT_ARCH := $(arch_$(PLATFORM))
+ifeq ($(NEWT_ARCH),)
+$(error Unknown platform '$(PLATFORM)'. Supported: v4, v4i, v3, v2, v2i)
+endif
+
+BINARY   := newt_linux_$(NEWT_ARCH)
+BINDIR   := bin
+OUTFILE  := $(MODNAME).$(PLATFORM).tgz
+STAGEDIR := .build/$(MODNAME)
+
+.PHONY: all clean
+
+all: $(OUTFILE)
+
+# Cache the downloaded binary in bin/ (re-download only if missing)
+$(BINDIR)/$(BINARY):
+	mkdir -p $(BINDIR)
+	@echo "Downloading $(BINARY) $(VERSION) for platform $(PLATFORM)..."
+	wget -q -O $@ "$(RELEASE_URL)/$(BINARY)" 2>/dev/null || \
+		curl -fsSL -o $@ "$(RELEASE_URL)/$(BINARY)"
+	chmod +x $@
+	@echo "Binary ready: $@"
+
+# Build the package
+$(OUTFILE): $(BINDIR)/$(BINARY) $(shell find merge -type f 2>/dev/null)
+	@rm -rf $(STAGEDIR)
+	@mkdir -p $(STAGEDIR)/bin
+	@cp $(BINDIR)/$(BINARY) $(STAGEDIR)/bin/newt
+	@chmod +x $(STAGEDIR)/bin/newt
+	@cp -r merge/. $(STAGEDIR)/
+	@chmod +x \
+		$(STAGEDIR)/etc/init \
+		$(STAGEDIR)/etc/install \
+		$(STAGEDIR)/etc/uninstall \
+		$(STAGEDIR)/www/index.cgi
+	tar -c --owner=0 --group=0 --mtime="2001-01-01 UTC" \
+		-C .build $(MODNAME) | gzip -n > $@
+	@echo "Created: $@"
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf .build $(MODNAME).*.tgz
+	@echo "Cleaned."

packages/advantech/merge/etc/defaults

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED=0
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENDPOINT=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ID=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_SECRET=
+
+# Core networking
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_MTU=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DNS=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_INTERFACE=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PORT=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_UPDOWN_SCRIPT=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PREFER_ENDPOINT=
+
+# Logging
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_LOG_LEVEL=
+
+# Behavior toggles (true/false)
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DISABLE_CLIENTS=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_USE_NATIVE_INTERFACE=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENFORCE_HC_CERT=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_NO_CLOUD=
+
+# Timers
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PING_INTERVAL=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PING_TIMEOUT=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_UDP_PROXY_IDLE_TIMEOUT=
+
+# Docker integration
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DOCKER_SOCKET=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DOCKER_ENFORCE_NETWORK_VALIDATION=
+
+# Health / files
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_HEALTH_FILE=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_BLUEPRINT_FILE=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PROVISIONING_BLUEPRINT_FILE=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_CONFIG_FILE=
+
+# Provisioning
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PROVISIONING_KEY=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_NAME=
+
+# Auth daemon
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AUTH_DAEMON_ENABLED=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_GENERATE_RANDOM_PASSWORD=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_KEY=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_PRINCIPALS_FILE=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_CA_CERT_PATH=
+
+# Metrics / observability
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_PROMETHEUS_ENABLED=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_OTLP_ENABLED=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ADMIN_ADDR=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_REGION=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_ASYNC_BYTES=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PPROF_ENABLED=
+
+# mTLS
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_KEY=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CAS=
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT_PKCS12=

packages/advantech/merge/etc/description

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Pangolin Site (newt) is a WireGuard-based tunnel client that connects this router to a
+Pangolin server, enabling secure remote access to local resources without opening
+firewall ports. Configure the server endpoint, ID, and secret via the web
+interface to establish the tunnel automatically on startup.

packages/advantech/merge/etc/init

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+MODNAME=newt
+PIDFILE=/tmp/newt.pid
+LOGFILE=/tmp/newt.log
+
+set_setting_raw() {
+    key="$1"
+    value="$2"
+    [ -f "/opt/$MODNAME/etc/settings" ] || cp "/opt/$MODNAME/etc/defaults" "/opt/$MODNAME/etc/settings" 2>/dev/null
+    awk -v k="$key" -v v="$value" '
+        BEGIN { done=0 }
+        index($0, k "=") == 1 { print k "=" v; done=1; next }
+        { print }
+        END { if (!done) print k "=" v }
+    ' "/opt/$MODNAME/etc/settings" > "/tmp/${MODNAME}.settings.tmp" && mv "/tmp/${MODNAME}.settings.tmp" "/opt/$MODNAME/etc/settings"
+}
+
+/usr/bin/logger -t $MODNAME "DEBUG: $0 $@"
+
+case "$1" in
+    start)
+        . /opt/$MODNAME/etc/settings
+        if [ "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED" != "1" ]; then
+            echo "$MODNAME is disabled in settings, skipping start"
+            exit 0
+        fi
+        if [ -f "$PIDFILE" ] && kill -0 "$(cat "$PIDFILE" 2>/dev/null)" 2>/dev/null; then
+            echo "$MODNAME is already running (PID: $(cat "$PIDFILE"))"
+            exit 0
+        fi
+
+        # Starting newt implies enable at boot.
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED" "1"
+
+        # Map module settings to Newt environment variables.
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENDPOINT" ] && export PANGOLIN_ENDPOINT="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENDPOINT"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ID" ] && export NEWT_ID="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ID"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_SECRET" ] && export NEWT_SECRET="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_SECRET"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_MTU" ] && export MTU="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_MTU"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DNS" ] && export DNS="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DNS"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_LOG_LEVEL" ] && export LOG_LEVEL="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_LOG_LEVEL"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_UPDOWN_SCRIPT" ] && export UPDOWN_SCRIPT="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_UPDOWN_SCRIPT"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_INTERFACE" ] && export INTERFACE="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_INTERFACE"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PORT" ] && export PORT="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PORT"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DISABLE_CLIENTS" ] && export DISABLE_CLIENTS="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DISABLE_CLIENTS"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_USE_NATIVE_INTERFACE" ] && export USE_NATIVE_INTERFACE="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_USE_NATIVE_INTERFACE"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENFORCE_HC_CERT" ] && export ENFORCE_HC_CERT="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENFORCE_HC_CERT"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DOCKER_SOCKET" ] && export DOCKER_SOCKET="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DOCKER_SOCKET"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PING_INTERVAL" ] && export PING_INTERVAL="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PING_INTERVAL"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PING_TIMEOUT" ] && export PING_TIMEOUT="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PING_TIMEOUT"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_UDP_PROXY_IDLE_TIMEOUT" ] && export NEWT_UDP_PROXY_IDLE_TIMEOUT="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_UDP_PROXY_IDLE_TIMEOUT"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DOCKER_ENFORCE_NETWORK_VALIDATION" ] && export DOCKER_ENFORCE_NETWORK_VALIDATION="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_DOCKER_ENFORCE_NETWORK_VALIDATION"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_HEALTH_FILE" ] && export HEALTH_FILE="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_HEALTH_FILE"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AUTH_DAEMON_ENABLED" ] && export AUTH_DAEMON_ENABLED="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AUTH_DAEMON_ENABLED"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_GENERATE_RANDOM_PASSWORD" ] && export AD_GENERATE_RANDOM_PASSWORD="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_GENERATE_RANDOM_PASSWORD"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_KEY" ] && export AD_KEY="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_KEY"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_PRINCIPALS_FILE" ] && export AD_PRINCIPALS_FILE="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_PRINCIPALS_FILE"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_CA_CERT_PATH" ] && export AD_CA_CERT_PATH="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_AD_CA_CERT_PATH"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_PROMETHEUS_ENABLED" ] && export NEWT_METRICS_PROMETHEUS_ENABLED="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_PROMETHEUS_ENABLED"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_OTLP_ENABLED" ] && export NEWT_METRICS_OTLP_ENABLED="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_OTLP_ENABLED"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ADMIN_ADDR" ] && export NEWT_ADMIN_ADDR="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ADMIN_ADDR"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_REGION" ] && export NEWT_REGION="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_REGION"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_ASYNC_BYTES" ] && export NEWT_METRICS_ASYNC_BYTES="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_METRICS_ASYNC_BYTES"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PPROF_ENABLED" ] && export NEWT_PPROF_ENABLED="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PPROF_ENABLED"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT" ] && export TLS_CLIENT_CERT="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_KEY" ] && export TLS_CLIENT_KEY="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_KEY"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CAS" ] && export TLS_CLIENT_CAS="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CAS"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT_PKCS12" ] && export TLS_CLIENT_CERT_PKCS12="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT_PKCS12"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_BLUEPRINT_FILE" ] && export BLUEPRINT_FILE="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_BLUEPRINT_FILE"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PROVISIONING_BLUEPRINT_FILE" ] && export PROVISIONING_BLUEPRINT_FILE="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PROVISIONING_BLUEPRINT_FILE"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_NO_CLOUD" ] && export NO_CLOUD="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_NO_CLOUD"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PROVISIONING_KEY" ] && export NEWT_PROVISIONING_KEY="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PROVISIONING_KEY"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_NAME" ] && export NEWT_NAME="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_NAME"
+        [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_CONFIG_FILE" ] && export CONFIG_FILE="$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_CONFIG_FILE"
+
+        export NEWT_SYSTEM_SUBSTRATE="ADVANTECH_ROUTER_APP"
+        export NEWT_PID_FILE="$PIDFILE"
+
+        echo "Starting $MODNAME..."
+        if [ -n "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PREFER_ENDPOINT" ]; then
+            /opt/$MODNAME/bin/newt --prefer-endpoint "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_PREFER_ENDPOINT" >> "$LOGFILE" 2>&1 &
+        else
+            /opt/$MODNAME/bin/newt >> "$LOGFILE" 2>&1 &
+        fi
+        echo $! > "$PIDFILE"
+        echo "Started $MODNAME (PID: $(cat "$PIDFILE"))"
+        exit 0
+        ;;
+    stop)
+        echo "Stopping $MODNAME..."
+        if [ -f "$PIDFILE" ]; then
+            kill "$(cat "$PIDFILE" 2>/dev/null)" 2>/dev/null
+            rm -f "$PIDFILE"
+        fi
+        killall newt 2>/dev/null
+        # Stopping newt implies disable at boot.
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED" "0"
+        echo "Stopped $MODNAME"
+        exit 0
+        ;;
+    restart)
+        $0 stop
+        sleep 1
+        # Restart should remain enabled after reboot.
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED" "1"
+        $0 start
+        ;;
+    status)
+        if [ -f "$PIDFILE" ] && kill -0 "$(cat "$PIDFILE" 2>/dev/null)" 2>/dev/null; then
+            echo "$MODNAME is running (PID: $(cat "$PIDFILE"))"
+            exit 0
+        else
+            echo "$MODNAME is not running"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+        ;;
+    defaults)
+        cp /opt/$MODNAME/etc/defaults /opt/$MODNAME/etc/settings 2>/dev/null
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status|defaults}"
+        exit 1
+esac

packages/advantech/merge/etc/install

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+MODNAME=newt
+
+# Ensure scripts are executable
+chmod +x /opt/$MODNAME/etc/init
+chmod +x /opt/$MODNAME/etc/install
+chmod +x /opt/$MODNAME/etc/uninstall
+chmod +x /opt/$MODNAME/bin/newt
+chmod +x /opt/$MODNAME/www/index.cgi
+
+# Secure the web interface with router authentication
+ln -sf /etc/htpasswd /opt/$MODNAME/www/.htpasswd
+
+exit 0

packages/advantech/merge/etc/name

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Pangolin Site

packages/advantech/merge/etc/summary

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Tunnel client for Pangolin secure remote access.

packages/advantech/merge/etc/uninstall

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+MODNAME=newt
+
+rm -f /opt/$MODNAME/www/.htpasswd
+rm -f /tmp/newt.pid
+rm -f /tmp/newt.log
+
+exit 0

packages/advantech/merge/etc/version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1.12.5

packages/advantech/merge/www/index.cgi

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+MODNAME=newt
+SETTINGS=/opt/$MODNAME/etc/settings
+LOGFILE=/tmp/newt.log
+PIDFILE=/tmp/newt.pid
+
+# Escape special HTML characters
+htmlesc() {
+    printf '%s' "$1" | sed \
+        -e 's/&/\&/g' \
+        -e 's/</\&lt;/g' \
+        -e 's/>/\&gt;/g' \
+        -e 's/"/\&quot;/g'
+}
+
+# Decode URL-encoded form values (handles common chars in endpoints/ids/secrets)
+urldecode() {
+    printf '%s' "$1" | sed \
+        -e 's/+/ /g' \
+        -e 's/%3[Aa]/:/g' -e 's/%3[aa]/:/g' \
+        -e 's/%2[Ff]/\//g' -e 's/%2[ff]/\//g' \
+        -e 's/%40/@/g' \
+        -e 's/%2[Ee]/./g' \
+        -e 's/%2[Dd]/-/g' \
+        -e 's/%5[Ff]/_/g' \
+        -e 's/%3[Dd]/=/g' \
+        -e 's/%3[Ff]/?/g' \
+        -e 's/%23/#/g' \
+        -e 's/%25/%/g'
+}
+
+# Extract a named field from URL-encoded POST data (awk splits on & without tr)
+get_field() {
+    printf '%s' "$2" | awk -v f="${1}=" 'BEGIN{RS="&"} index($0,f)==1 {print substr($0,length(f)+1); exit}'
+}
+
+# Check whether newt process is alive
+is_running() {
+    [ -f "$PIDFILE" ] && kill -0 "$(cat "$PIDFILE" 2>/dev/null)" 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+ensure_settings_file() {
+  [ -f "$SETTINGS" ] && return
+  if [ -f "/opt/$MODNAME/etc/defaults" ]; then
+    cp "/opt/$MODNAME/etc/defaults" "$SETTINGS" 2>/dev/null
+  else
+    printf 'MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED=0\n' > "$SETTINGS"
+  fi
+}
+
+set_setting_raw() {
+  key="$1"
+  value="$2"
+  ensure_settings_file
+  awk -v k="$key" -v v="$value" '
+    BEGIN { done=0 }
+    index($0, k "=") == 1 { print k "=" v; done=1; next }
+    { print }
+    END { if (!done) print k "=" v }
+  ' "$SETTINGS" > "$SETTINGS.tmp" && mv "$SETTINGS.tmp" "$SETTINGS"
+}
+
+quote_sh_value() {
+  printf '%s' "$1" | sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' -e 's/"/\\"/g'
+}
+
+# ── Read POST body ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+POST_DATA=""
+if [ "$REQUEST_METHOD" = "POST" ] && [ -n "$CONTENT_LENGTH" ] && [ "$CONTENT_LENGTH" -gt 0 ] 2>/dev/null; then
+    POST_DATA=$(dd bs="$CONTENT_LENGTH" count=1 2>/dev/null)
+fi
+
+# ── Load current settings ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED=0
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENDPOINT=""
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ID=""
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_SECRET=""
+[ -f "$SETTINGS" ] && . "$SETTINGS"
+
+# ── Handle actions ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+if [ -n "$POST_DATA" ]; then
+    ACTION=$(get_field "action" "$POST_DATA")
+    case "$ACTION" in
+        save)
+            EP=$(urldecode "$(get_field "endpoint" "$POST_DATA")")
+            ID=$(urldecode "$(get_field "id"       "$POST_DATA")")
+            SEC=$(urldecode "$(get_field "secret"  "$POST_DATA")")
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENDPOINT" "\"$(quote_sh_value "$EP")\""
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ID" "\"$(quote_sh_value "$ID")\""
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_SECRET" "\"$(quote_sh_value "$SEC")\""
+            ;;
+        start)
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED" "1"
+            /opt/$MODNAME/etc/init start >/dev/null 2>&1
+            ;;
+        stop)
+            /opt/$MODNAME/etc/init stop >/dev/null 2>&1
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED" "0"
+            ;;
+        restart)
+        set_setting_raw "MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED" "1"
+            /opt/$MODNAME/etc/init restart >/dev/null 2>&1
+            ;;
+        clearlog)
+            printf '' > "$LOGFILE"
+            ;;
+    esac
+fi
+
+# Reload settings after actions.
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENABLED=0
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENDPOINT=""
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ID=""
+MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_SECRET=""
+[ -f "$SETTINGS" ] && . "$SETTINGS"
+
+# ── Status ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+if is_running; then
+    STATUS_TEXT="Running"
+    STATUS_CLASS="running"
+    DISABLED="disabled"
+  SETTINGS_HINT='<div class="notice">Stop Newt first to edit settings.</div>'
+else
+    STATUS_TEXT="Stopped"
+    STATUS_CLASS="stopped"
+    DISABLED=""
+    SETTINGS_HINT=""
+fi
+
+EP_ESC=$(htmlesc  "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENDPOINT")
+ID_ESC=$(htmlesc  "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ID")
+SEC_ESC=$(htmlesc "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_SECRET")
+EP_INPUT_ESC="$EP_ESC"
+[ -z "$MOD_PANGOLIN_SITE_ENDPOINT" ] && EP_INPUT_ESC="https://app.pangolin.net"
+
+# ── Log (escape HTML and dollar signs to prevent shell expansion in heredoc) ─
+LOG_HTML=""
+if [ -f "$LOGFILE" ]; then
+    LOG_HTML=$(tail -100 "$LOGFILE" 2>/dev/null | sed \
+        -e 's/&/\&amp;/g' \
+        -e 's/</\&lt;/g'  \
+        -e 's/>/\&gt;/g'  \
+        -e 's/\$/\&#36;/g')
+fi
+
+# ── Output ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+printf 'Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n'
+
+# Static head — split around the conditional refresh meta tag
+cat << 'HEAD_START'
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+HEAD_START
+
+# Only auto-refresh while newt is running (avoids wiping settings form mid-edit)
+[ "$STATUS_CLASS" = "running" ] && printf '<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="10">\n'
+
+cat << 'STATIC_HEAD'
+<title>Pangolin Site</title>
+<style>
+*{box-sizing:border-box}
+body{margin:0;padding:8px;border-top:3px solid #79BD28;background:#fff;color:#000}
+body,table,tr,td,a,input,select,textarea,button{font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px}
+a{color:#004280;text-decoration:none}
+a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
+.topline{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:6px}
+.app-title{background:#004280;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;padding:6px 8px;border:1px solid #00315f;border-bottom:none}
+.window{background:#f4f4f4;border:2px solid #004280;padding:0}
+.section{border-top:1px solid #9fb7d5}
+.section:first-child{border-top:none}
+.section-head{background:#c0e0ff;color:#000;font-weight:bold;padding:5px 8px;border-bottom:1px solid #9fb7d5;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}
+.section-body{padding:10px 8px}
+.badge{display:inline-block;padding:2px 10px;border-radius:2px;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.4}
+.running{background:#008000}
+.stopped{background:#800000}
+.row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:6px 0}
+.row label{width:90px;font-weight:bold}
+.row input{width:360px;max-width:100%;padding:2px 4px;border:1px solid #7f9db9;background:#fff;height:23px}
+.btn{height:24px;padding:0 10px;border:1px solid #7f9db9;background:#efefef;color:#000;cursor:pointer}
+.btn:disabled{color:#777;background:#e5e5e5}
+.btn + .btn{margin-left:6px}
+.btn-start{border-color:#2d7a2d;background:#dff0df}
+.btn-stop{border-color:#8a2c2c;background:#f7dddd}
+.btn-restart{border-color:#9a6a1f;background:#f7ecd8}
+.btn-save{border-color:#2e5f92;background:#dce9f8}
+.hint{color:#808080;font-weight:normal}
+.notice{margin:0 0 10px 0;color:#ff0000;font-style:italic}
+.log{background:#fff;border:1px solid #7f9db9;color:#000;font-family:monospace;font-size:12px;line-height:1.35;padding:6px;height:300px;overflow-y:auto;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="topline">
+<a href="/">&laquo; Back to Router</a>
+</div>
+<div class="app-title">Router Apps - Pangolin Site</div>
+<div class="window">
+STATIC_HEAD
+
+# Status card (double-quoted heredoc — variables expand)
+cat << STATUS_CARD
+<div class="section">
+<div class="section-head">Status</div>
+<div class="section-body">
+<div><span class="badge ${STATUS_CLASS}">${STATUS_TEXT}</span></div>
+<div style="margin-top:8px">
+<form method="post" style="display:inline">
+  <input type="hidden" name="action" value="start">
+  <button class="btn btn-start" type="submit">Start</button>
+</form>
+<form method="post" style="display:inline">
+  <input type="hidden" name="action" value="stop">
+  <button class="btn btn-stop" type="submit">Stop</button>
+</form>
+<form method="post" style="display:inline">
+  <input type="hidden" name="action" value="restart">
+  <button class="btn btn-restart" type="submit">Restart</button>
+</form>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+STATUS_CARD
+
+# Settings card
+cat << SETTINGS_CARD
+<div class="section">
+<div class="section-head">Settings</div>
+<div class="section-body">
+${SETTINGS_HINT}<form method="post">
+  <input type="hidden" name="action" value="save">
+  <div class="row">
+    <label>Endpoint</label>
+    <input type="text" name="endpoint" value="${EP_INPUT_ESC}" ${DISABLED}>
+  </div>
+  <div class="row">
+    <label>ID</label>
+    <input type="text" name="id" value="${ID_ESC}" ${DISABLED}>
+  </div>
+  <div class="row">
+    <label>Secret</label>
+    <input type="password" name="secret" value="${SEC_ESC}" ${DISABLED}>
+  </div>
+  <div style="margin-top:12px">
+    <button class="btn btn-save" type="submit" ${DISABLED}>Save</button>
+  </div>
+</form>
+</div>
+</div>
+SETTINGS_CARD
+
+# Log card header
+cat << 'LOG_HEADER'
+<div class="section">
+<div class="section-head">
+<span>Log <span class="hint">(last 100 lines, auto-refreshes every 10s while running)</span></span>
+<span style="display:inline-flex;gap:6px">
+<form method="post" style="margin:0">
+  <input type="hidden" name="action" value="clearlog">
+  <button class="btn" type="submit">Clear Log</button>
+</form>
+<form method="get" style="margin:0">
+  <button class="btn" type="submit">Refresh</button>
+</form>
+</span>
+</div>
+<div class="section-body">
+<div class="log">
+LOG_HEADER
+
+# Log content — printed with printf to prevent any shell expansion
+printf '%s' "$LOG_HTML"
+
+# Close tags (static)
+cat << 'STATIC_FOOTER'
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+STATIC_FOOTER

proxy/manager.go

@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ type ProxyManager struct {
 	asyncBytes      bool
 	flushStop       chan struct{}
 	udpIdleTimeout  time.Duration
+
+	// connection blocking
+	blocked atomic.Bool
 }
 
 // tunnelEntry holds per-tunnel attributes and (optional) async counters.
@@ -149,12 +152,12 @@ func classifyProxyError(err error) string {
 // NewProxyManager creates a new proxy manager instance
 func NewProxyManager(tnet *netstack.Net) *ProxyManager {
 	return &ProxyManager{
-		tnet:       tnet,
-		tcpTargets: make(map[string]map[int]string),
-		udpTargets: make(map[string]map[int]string),
-		listeners:  make([]*gonet.TCPListener, 0),
-		udpConns:   make([]*gonet.UDPConn, 0),
-		tunnels:    make(map[string]*tunnelEntry),
+		tnet:           tnet,
+		tcpTargets:     make(map[string]map[int]string),
+		udpTargets:     make(map[string]map[int]string),
+		listeners:      make([]*gonet.TCPListener, 0),
+		udpConns:       make([]*gonet.UDPConn, 0),
+		tunnels:        make(map[string]*tunnelEntry),
 		udpIdleTimeout: defaultUDPIdleTimeout,
 	}
 }
@@ -229,10 +232,10 @@ func (pm *ProxyManager) ClearTunnelID() {
 // init function without tnet
 func NewProxyManagerWithoutTNet() *ProxyManager {
 	return &ProxyManager{
-		tcpTargets: make(map[string]map[int]string),
-		udpTargets: make(map[string]map[int]string),
-		listeners:  make([]*gonet.TCPListener, 0),
-		udpConns:   make([]*gonet.UDPConn, 0),
+		tcpTargets:     make(map[string]map[int]string),
+		udpTargets:     make(map[string]map[int]string),
+		listeners:      make([]*gonet.TCPListener, 0),
+		udpConns:       make([]*gonet.UDPConn, 0),
 		udpIdleTimeout: defaultUDPIdleTimeout,
 	}
 }
@@ -244,6 +247,18 @@ func (pm *ProxyManager) SetTNet(tnet *netstack.Net) {
 	pm.tnet = tnet
 }
 
+// SetBlocked enables or disables connection blocking.
+// When enabled, all new incoming TCP connections are immediately closed
+// and all incoming UDP packets are silently dropped.
+func (pm *ProxyManager) SetBlocked(v bool) {
+	pm.blocked.Store(v)
+	if v {
+		logger.Debug("ProxyManager: connection blocking enabled, new connections will be dropped")
+	} else {
+		logger.Debug("ProxyManager: connection blocking disabled, accepting connections")
+	}
+}
+
 // AddTarget adds as new target for proxying
 func (pm *ProxyManager) AddTarget(proto, listenIP string, port int, targetAddr string) error {
 	pm.mutex.Lock()
@@ -535,6 +550,12 @@ func (pm *ProxyManager) handleTCPProxy(listener net.Listener, targetAddr string)
 		}
 
 		tunnelID := pm.currentTunnelID
+		// Drop connection if blocking is enabled
+		if pm.blocked.Load() {
+			conn.Close()
+			logger.Debug("TCP proxy: connection dropped (blocking enabled)")
+			continue
+		}
 		telemetry.IncProxyAccept(context.Background(), tunnelID, "tcp", "success", "")
 		telemetry.IncProxyConnectionEvent(context.Background(), tunnelID, "tcp", telemetry.ProxyConnectionOpened)
 		if tunnelID != "" {
@@ -631,6 +652,11 @@ func (pm *ProxyManager) handleUDPProxy(conn *gonet.UDPConn, targetAddr string) {
 		}
 
 		clientKey := remoteAddr.String()
+		// Drop packet if blocking is enabled
+		if pm.blocked.Load() {
+			logger.Debug("UDP proxy: packet dropped (blocking enabled)")
+			continue
+		}
 		// bytes from client -> target (direction=in)
 		if pm.currentTunnelID != "" && n > 0 {
 			if pm.asyncBytes {

reexec_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// reexec replaces the current process image with a fresh copy of itself,
+// preserving all arguments and environment variables. On success it never
+// returns (execve replaces the process in-place). On failure it returns an
+// error describing why the exec could not be performed.
+func reexec() error {
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get executable path: %w", err)
+	}
+	return syscall.Exec(exe, os.Args, os.Environ())
+}

reexec_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+// reexec spawns a new copy of the current process with the same arguments and
+// environment, then exits the current process. On Windows, execve is not
+// available, so we start a child process and exit. On success it never returns
+// (os.Exit terminates the current process). On failure it returns an error.
+func reexec() error {
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get executable path: %w", err)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(exe, os.Args[1:]...)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start new process: %w", err)
+	}
+	os.Exit(0)
+	return nil // unreachable
+}

service_windows.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -649,7 +648,7 @@ func setupWindowsEventLog() {
 	// Set the custom logger output
 	logger.GetLogger().SetOutput(file)
 
-	log.Printf("Newt service logging initialized - log file: %s", logFile)
+	logger.Debug("Newt service logging initialized - log file: %s", logFile)
 }
 
 // handleServiceCommand checks for service management commands and returns true if handled

testing/ws_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import asyncio
+import sys
+import websockets
+
+# Argument parsing: Check if HOST and PORT are provided
+if len(sys.argv) < 3 or len(sys.argv) > 4:
+    print("Usage: python ws_client.py <HOST_IP> <HOST_PORT> [ws|wss]")
+    # Example: python ws_client.py 127.0.0.1 8765
+    # Example: python ws_client.py 127.0.0.1 8765 wss
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+HOST = sys.argv[1]
+try:
+    PORT = int(sys.argv[2])
+except ValueError:
+    print("Error: HOST_PORT must be an integer.")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+if len(sys.argv) == 4:
+    SCHEME = sys.argv[3].lower()
+    if SCHEME not in ("ws", "wss"):
+        print("Error: scheme must be 'ws' or 'wss'.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+else:
+    SCHEME = "ws"
+
+URI = f"{SCHEME}://{HOST}:{PORT}"
+
+# The message to send to the server
+MESSAGE = "Hello WebSocket Server! How are you?"
+
+
+async def main():
+    print(f"Connecting to {URI}...")
+
+    try:
+        async with websockets.connect(URI) as websocket:
+            print(f"Connected to server.")
+            print(f"Sending message: '{MESSAGE}'")
+
+            await websocket.send(MESSAGE)
+
+            response = await websocket.recv()
+
+            print("-" * 30)
+            print(f"Received response from server:")
+            print(f"-> Data: '{response}'")
+
+    except ConnectionRefusedError:
+        print(f"Error: Connection to {URI} was refused. Is the server running?")
+    except websockets.exceptions.InvalidMessage as e:
+        print(f"Error: Server did not respond with a valid WebSocket handshake: {e}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error during communication: {e}")
+
+    print("-" * 30)
+    print("Client finished.")
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())

testing/ws_server.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import asyncio
+import sys
+import websockets
+
+# Optionally take in a positional arg for the port
+if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+    try:
+        PORT = int(sys.argv[1])
+    except ValueError:
+        print("Invalid port number. Using default port 8765.")
+        PORT = 8765
+else:
+    PORT = 8765
+
+# Define the server host
+HOST = "0.0.0.0"
+
+
+async def handle_client(websocket):
+    client_address = websocket.remote_address
+    print(f"Client connected: {client_address[0]}:{client_address[1]}")
+
+    try:
+        async for message in websocket:
+            print("-" * 30)
+            print(f"Received message from {client_address[0]}:{client_address[1]}:")
+            print(f"-> Data: '{message}'")
+
+            response = f"Hello client! Server received: '{message.upper()}'"
+
+            await websocket.send(response)
+            print(f"Sent response back to client.")
+
+    except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK:
+        print(f"Client {client_address[0]}:{client_address[1]} disconnected cleanly.")
+    except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError as e:
+        print(f"Client {client_address[0]}:{client_address[1]} disconnected with error: {e}")
+
+
+async def main():
+    print(f"WebSocket Server listening on {HOST}:{PORT}")
+    async with websockets.serve(handle_client, HOST, PORT):
+        await asyncio.Future()  # Run forever
+
+
+try:
+    asyncio.run(main())
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    print("\nServer stopped.")

updates/advantech.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package updates
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+)
+
+const advantechVersionFile = "/opt/newt/etc/version"
+
+// postUpdateAdvantech performs Advantech Router App-specific post-update steps:
+//   - Writes the new version string to /opt/newt/etc/version so that the
+//     router firmware's package management reflects the installed version.
+//   - Updates the PID file at pidFile (if non-empty) with the current process
+//     PID, in case the re-exec lands with a new PID on platforms where
+//     syscall.Exec behaviour differs.
+func postUpdateAdvantech(newVersion, pidFile string) error {
+	// --- Write version file ---
+	versionDir := filepath.Dir(advantechVersionFile)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(versionDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("advantech: failed to create version directory %s: %w", versionDir, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(advantechVersionFile, []byte(newVersion+"\n"), 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("advantech: failed to write version file %s: %w", advantechVersionFile, err)
+	}
+	logger.Debug("postUpdateAdvantech: wrote version %s to %s", newVersion, advantechVersionFile)
+
+	// --- Update PID file ---
+	// syscall.Exec replaces the process image in-place so the PID is preserved.
+	// We update the PID file here anyway so that any race between the old and
+	// new binary is covered (e.g. on platforms that fork before exec).
+	if pidFile != "" {
+		pid := fmt.Sprintf("%d\n", os.Getpid())
+		if err := os.WriteFile(pidFile, []byte(pid), 0644); err != nil {
+			// Non-fatal: log and continue so the update still proceeds.
+			logger.Debug("postUpdateAdvantech: warning: failed to update PID file %s: %v", pidFile, err)
+		} else {
+			logger.Debug("postUpdateAdvantech: updated PID file %s with PID %d", pidFile, os.Getpid())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

updates/advantech_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package updates
+
+// postUpdateAdvantech is not supported on Windows.
+func postUpdateAdvantech(newVersion, pidFile string) error {
+	return nil
+}

updates/reexec_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package updates
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// reexec replaces the current process image with the binary at exePath,
+// forwarding all original arguments and environment variables.
+func reexec(exePath string) error {
+	return syscall.Exec(exePath, os.Args, os.Environ())
+}

updates/reexec_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package updates
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+// reexec on Windows cannot use syscall.Exec (there is no exec syscall that
+// replaces the process image).  Instead we start a new process and exit the
+// current one.
+func reexec(exePath string) error {
+	cmd := exec.Command(exePath, os.Args[1:]...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
+
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start updated binary: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Exit the current process so the new binary takes over.
+	os.Exit(0)
+	return nil // unreachable
+}

updates/selfupdate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+package updates
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/fosrl/newt/logger"
+)
+
+// SelfUpdateConfig holds the configuration required to perform a self-update.
+type SelfUpdateConfig struct {
+	// Endpoint is the base URL of the pangolin server (e.g. "https://app.pangolin.net")
+	Endpoint string
+	// NewtID is the newt client identifier used for authentication.
+	NewtID string
+	// Secret is the newt client secret used for authentication.
+	Secret string
+	// CurrentVersion is the version of the currently running binary.
+	CurrentVersion string
+	// Platform is the OS+arch string embedded at build time via ldflags
+	// (e.g. "linux_amd64", "darwin_arm64").  When non-empty it is used
+	// directly; when empty the value is derived from runtime.GOOS/GOARCH.
+	Platform string
+	// TLSConfig is an optional TLS configuration for the HTTP client (may be nil).
+	TLSConfig *tls.Config
+}
+
+// versionResponse mirrors the JSON returned by POST /api/v1/auth/newt/version
+type versionResponse struct {
+	Data struct {
+		LatestVersion   string `json:"latestVersion"`
+		CurrentIsLatest bool   `json:"currentIsLatest"`
+		DownloadUrl     string `json:"downloadUrl"`
+		Sha256          string `json:"sha256"`
+	} `json:"data"`
+	Success bool   `json:"success"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
+// isOfficialContainer returns true when the process is running inside an
+// official Fossorial-built container image.  The image sets
+// NEWT_SYSTEM_SUBSTRATE="CONTAINER" at build time; users running newt in their own
+// containers (or bare-metal) will not have this variable set.
+func isOfficialContainer() bool {
+	return os.Getenv("NEWT_SYSTEM_SUBSTRATE") == "CONTAINER"
+}
+
+// platform returns the OS+arch string used in the newt release binary names,
+// e.g. "linux_amd64", "darwin_arm64", "windows_amd64".
+// It is used as a fallback when no platform was embedded at build time.
+func platform() string {
+	goarch := runtime.GOARCH
+	goos := runtime.GOOS
+
+	// Map Go arch names to the names used by newt releases
+	archMap := map[string]string{
+		"amd64":   "amd64",
+		"arm64":   "arm64",
+		"arm":     "arm32",
+		"riscv64": "riscv64",
+	}
+
+	arch, ok := archMap[goarch]
+	if !ok {
+		arch = goarch
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", goos, arch)
+}
+
+// verifySHA256 checks that the file at path has the expected SHA-256 hex digest.
+func verifySHA256(path, expected string) error {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open file for hashing: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	h := sha256.New()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to hash file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	got := hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
+	if !strings.EqualFold(got, expected) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sha256 mismatch: expected %s, got %s", expected, got)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CheckAndSelfUpdate contacts the pangolin server, checks whether a newer
+// version of newt is available, downloads it if so, replaces the running
+// binary on disk, and re-executes from the new binary.
+//
+// It returns an error when the check or update fails.  On a successful update
+// the function does not return – the process is replaced by the new binary via
+// syscall.Exec.
+func CheckAndSelfUpdate(cfg SelfUpdateConfig) error {
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: starting update check (currentVersion=%s)", cfg.CurrentVersion)
+
+	if isOfficialContainer() {
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: running inside official container, skipping auto-update")
+		return fmt.Errorf("auto-update is not supported in official Fossorial container images; pull a new image tag instead")
+	}
+
+	if cfg.CurrentVersion == "version_replaceme" {
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: development build detected, skipping auto-update")
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot auto-update a development build (version_replaceme)")
+	}
+
+	baseEndpoint := strings.TrimRight(cfg.Endpoint, "/")
+
+	// Build the HTTP client.
+	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
+	if cfg.TLSConfig != nil {
+		httpClient.Transport = &http.Transport{TLSClientConfig: cfg.TLSConfig}
+	}
+
+	// Check the current binary path before we do anything else so we can fail
+	// fast if the executable path cannot be determined.
+	exePath, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determine current executable path: %w", err)
+	}
+	exePath, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(exePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve symlinks for executable path: %w", err)
+	}
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: current executable path: %s", exePath)
+
+	// --- Step 1: Ask the server for the latest version ---
+	plat := cfg.Platform
+	if plat == "" {
+		plat = platform()
+	}
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: querying server for latest version (platform=%s, endpoint=%s)", plat, baseEndpoint)
+	reqBody, err := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+		"newtId":   cfg.NewtID,
+		"secret":   cfg.Secret,
+		"platform": plat,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal version request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	versionURL, err := url.JoinPath(baseEndpoint, "/api/v1/auth/newt/version")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to build version URL: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", versionURL, bytes.NewBuffer(reqBody))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create version request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("X-CSRF-Token", "x-csrf-protection")
+
+	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to request version info: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNoContent { // updates are disabled
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: server indicated updates are disabled (204 No Content)")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound { // older server without version endpoint
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: server does not support version endpoint (404 Not Found), skipping")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return fmt.Errorf("server returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	var verResp versionResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&verResp); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse version response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !verResp.Success {
+		return fmt.Errorf("server error: %s", verResp.Message)
+	}
+
+	if verResp.Data.CurrentIsLatest {
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: already up to date (%s)", cfg.CurrentVersion)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: update available %s → %s", cfg.CurrentVersion, verResp.Data.LatestVersion)
+
+	// --- Pre-download: verify we can write to the binary's directory ---
+	// Do this before downloading so a permission failure doesn't waste bandwidth.
+	exeDir := filepath.Dir(exePath)
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: verifying write access to %s", exeDir)
+	writeTestFile, err := os.CreateTemp(exeDir, ".newt-write-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write to %s (you may need to run as root or with elevated permissions): %w", exeDir, err)
+	}
+	writeTestFile.Close()
+	_ = os.Remove(writeTestFile.Name())
+
+	// --- Step 2: Download the new binary ---
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: beginning download of new binary")
+	dlCtx, dlCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Minute)
+	defer dlCancel()
+
+	dlReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(dlCtx, "GET", verResp.Data.DownloadUrl, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create download request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	dlResp, err := httpClient.Do(dlReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to download new binary: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer dlResp.Body.Close()
+
+	if dlResp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return fmt.Errorf("download failed with status %d", dlResp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	// Write to a temp file in the same directory as the current binary so that
+	// an atomic rename works even across filesystem boundaries.
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(exeDir, ".newt-update-*")
+	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
+
+	// Ensure the temp file is cleaned up on any error path.
+	defer func() {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+	}()
+
+	if _, err := io.Copy(tmpFile, dlResp.Body); err != nil {
+		_ = tmpFile.Close()
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write downloaded binary: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to close temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// --- Verify SHA256 checksum if the server provided one ---
+	if verResp.Data.Sha256 != "" {
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: verifying SHA256 checksum")
+		if err := verifySHA256(tmpPath, verResp.Data.Sha256); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("binary integrity check failed: %w", err)
+		}
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: SHA256 checksum verified")
+	} else {
+		logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: no SHA256 checksum provided by server, skipping verification")
+	}
+
+	// Make the new binary executable.
+	if err := os.Chmod(tmpPath, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set executable permission: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// --- Step 3: Replace the running binary ---
+	// On Unix an atomic rename works even while the file is running.
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: replacing binary at %s", exePath)
+	if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, exePath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to replace binary (you may need to run as root): %w", err)
+	}
+
+	systemSubstrate := os.Getenv("NEWT_SYSTEM_SUBSTRATE")
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: system substrate: %s", systemSubstrate)
+	if systemSubstrate == "ADVANTECH_ROUTER_APP" {
+		pidFile := os.Getenv("NEWT_PID_FILE")
+		if err := postUpdateAdvantech(verResp.Data.LatestVersion, pidFile); err != nil {
+			logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: advantech post-update steps failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// --- Step 4: Re-exec ---
+	logger.Debug("checkAndSelfUpdate: re-executing new binary")
+	return reexec(exePath)
+}

websocket/client.go

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type Client struct {
 	metricsCtx        context.Context
 	configNeedsSave   bool // Flag to track if config needs to be saved
 	serverVersion     string
-	configVersion     int64        // Latest config version received from server
+	configVersion     int64 // Latest config version received from server
 	configVersionMux  sync.RWMutex
 	processingMessage bool           // Flag to track if a message is currently being processed
 	processingMux     sync.RWMutex   // Protects processingMessage
@@ -172,6 +172,11 @@ func (c *Client) GetConfig() *Config {
 	return c.config
 }
 
+// GetConfigFilePath returns the resolved path to the config file used by this client.
+func (c *Client) GetConfigFilePath() string {
+	return getConfigPath(c.clientType, c.configFilePath)
+}
+
 func (c *Client) GetServerVersion() string {
 	return c.serverVersion
 }
@@ -271,13 +276,17 @@ func (c *Client) SendMessageInterval(messageType string, data interface{}, inter
 	stopChan := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
 		count := 0
-		maxAttempts := 10
+		maxAttempts := 16
 
+		c.reconnectMux.RLock()
+		connected := c.isConnected
+		c.reconnectMux.RUnlock()
 		err := c.SendMessage(messageType, data) // Send immediately
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to send initial message: %v", err)
+		} else if connected {
+			count++
 		}
-		count++
 
 		ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
 		defer ticker.Stop()
@@ -288,11 +297,15 @@ func (c *Client) SendMessageInterval(messageType string, data interface{}, inter
 					logger.Info("SendMessageInterval timed out after %d attempts for message type: %s", maxAttempts, messageType)
 					return
 				}
+				c.reconnectMux.RLock()
+				connected = c.isConnected
+				c.reconnectMux.RUnlock()
 				err = c.SendMessage(messageType, data)
 				if err != nil {
 					logger.Error("Failed to send message: %v", err)
+				} else if connected {
+					count++
 				}
-				count++
 			case <-stopChan:
 				return
 			}
@@ -836,7 +849,7 @@ func (c *Client) readPumpWithDisconnectDetection(started time.Time) {
 				logger.Error("WebSocket failed to parse message: %v", err)
 				continue
 			}
-			
+
 			c.setConfigVersion(msg.ConfigVersion)
 
 			c.handlersMux.RLock()
@@ -923,3 +936,19 @@ func loadClientCertificate(p12Path string) (*tls.Config, error) {
 		RootCAs:      rootCAs,
 	}, nil
 }
+
+// BuildTLSConfig creates a *tls.Config from the provided certificate files.
+// Pass empty strings / nil slice for fields that are not used.
+// Returns nil, nil when no TLS credentials are provided.
+func BuildTLSConfig(certFile, keyFile string, caFiles []string, pkcs12File string) (*tls.Config, error) {
+	c := &Client{
+		tlsConfig: TLSConfig{
+			ClientCertFile: certFile,
+			ClientKeyFile:  keyFile,
+			CAFiles:        caFiles,
+			PKCS12File:     pkcs12File,
+		},
+		config: &Config{},
+	}
+	return c.setupTLS()
+}

websocket/config.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ func getConfigPath(clientType string, overridePath string) string {
 		}
 
 		if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0755); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Failed to create config directory: %v", err)
+			logger.Debug("Failed to create config directory: %v", err)
 		}
 
 		return filepath.Join(configDir, "config.json")
@@ -279,4 +278,4 @@ func (c *Client) provisionIfNeeded() error {
 	}
 
 	return nil
-}
+}

websocket/types.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	TlsClientCert   string `json:"tlsClientCert"`
 	ProvisioningKey string `json:"provisioningKey,omitempty"`
 	Name            string `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Blocked         bool   `json:"blocked,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type TokenResponse struct {
@@ -31,4 +32,4 @@ type WSMessage struct {
 	Type          string      `json:"type"`
 	Data          interface{} `json:"data"`
 	ConfigVersion int64       `json:"configVersion,omitempty"`
-}
+}