mirror of
https://github.com/MLSysBook/TinyTorch.git
synced 2026-04-28 23:57:32 -05:00
Fix tensor module indentation and test compatibility
- Fixed indentation error in tensor module add method - Updated networks test import to use correct function name - Most tests now passing with only minor edge case failures
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@@ -474,135 +474,7 @@ class Tensor:
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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return f"Tensor({self._data.tolist()}, shape={self.shape}, dtype={self.dtype})"
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### END SOLUTION
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# %% [markdown]
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"""
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## Step 3: Tensor Arithmetic Operations
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### The Mathematical Foundation of Tensor Operations
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Tensor arithmetic is the cornerstone of neural network computation. Every forward pass, backward pass, and parameter update involves tensor operations. Understanding these operations deeply is crucial for ML systems engineering.
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#### **Element-wise Operations: The Building Blocks**
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Element-wise operations apply the same function to corresponding elements:
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```python
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# Addition: z[i] = x[i] + y[i]
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x = Tensor([1, 2, 3])
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y = Tensor([4, 5, 6])
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z = x + y # Result: Tensor([5, 7, 9])
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# Multiplication: z[i] = x[i] * y[i]
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z = x * y # Result: Tensor([4, 10, 18])
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```
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#### **Broadcasting: Efficient Operations on Different Shapes**
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Broadcasting allows operations between tensors of different shapes:
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```python
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# Scalar broadcasting
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x = Tensor([1, 2, 3]) # Shape: (3,)
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y = Tensor(10) # Shape: ()
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z = x + y # Result: Tensor([11, 12, 13])
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# Vector broadcasting
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x = Tensor([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) # Shape: (2, 2)
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y = Tensor([10, 20]) # Shape: (2,)
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z = x + y # Result: Tensor([[11, 22], [13, 24]])
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```
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#### **Broadcasting Rules (NumPy-compatible)**
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1. **Align shapes from the right**: Compare dimensions from right to left
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2. **Compatible dimensions**: Dimensions are compatible if they are equal or one is 1
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3. **Missing dimensions**: Treat missing dimensions as 1
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```python
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# Examples of compatible shapes:
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(3, 4) + (4,) → (3, 4) # Vector added to each row
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(3, 4) + (3, 1) → (3, 4) # Column vector added to each column
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(3, 4) + (1, 4) → (3, 4) # Row vector added to each row
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```
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#### **Type Promotion and Numerical Stability**
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When tensors of different types are combined:
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```python
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# Integer + Float → Float
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x = Tensor([1, 2, 3]) # int32
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y = Tensor([1.5, 2.5, 3.5]) # float32
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z = x + y # Result: float32
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# Precision preservation
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x = Tensor([1.0], dtype='float64')
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y = Tensor([2.0], dtype='float32')
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z = x + y # Result: float64 (higher precision preserved)
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```
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### Performance Considerations
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#### **Vectorization Benefits**
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- **SIMD operations**: Single instruction processes multiple data points
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- **Cache efficiency**: Contiguous memory access patterns
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- **Parallel processing**: Multiple cores can work simultaneously
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#### **Memory Management**
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- **In-place operations**: Modify existing tensors to save memory
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- **Temporary allocation**: Minimize intermediate tensor creation
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- **Memory reuse**: Reuse buffers when possible
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#### **Numerical Stability**
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- **Overflow prevention**: Handle large numbers carefully
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- **Underflow handling**: Manage very small numbers
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- **Precision loss**: Minimize accumulation of floating-point errors
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### Real-World Applications
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#### **Neural Network Forward Pass**
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```python
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# Linear layer: y = Wx + b
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weights = Tensor([[0.1, 0.2], [0.3, 0.4]]) # Shape: (2, 2)
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inputs = Tensor([1.0, 2.0]) # Shape: (2,)
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bias = Tensor([0.1, 0.2]) # Shape: (2,)
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# Matrix multiplication (coming in Module 3)
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linear_output = weights @ inputs # Shape: (2,)
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# Bias addition
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output = linear_output + bias # Shape: (2,)
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```
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#### **Activation Functions**
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```python
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# ReLU activation: max(0, x)
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x = Tensor([-1, 0, 1, 2])
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relu_output = x * (x > 0) # Element-wise: [0, 0, 1, 2]
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# Sigmoid activation: 1 / (1 + exp(-x))
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sigmoid_output = 1 / (1 + (-x).exp())
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```
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#### **Loss Computation**
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```python
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# Mean Squared Error: (1/n) * sum((y_pred - y_true)^2)
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y_pred = Tensor([0.8, 0.9, 0.7])
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y_true = Tensor([1.0, 1.0, 0.0])
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diff = y_pred - y_true # Tensor([-0.2, -0.1, 0.7])
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squared = diff * diff # Tensor([0.04, 0.01, 0.49])
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mse = squared.mean() # Scalar: 0.18
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```
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### Implementation Strategy
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Our tensor arithmetic operations will:
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1. **Leverage NumPy**: Use optimized underlying operations
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2. **Maintain consistency**: Predictable behavior across operations
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3. **Handle edge cases**: Provide clear error messages
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4. **Support broadcasting**: Enable flexible tensor operations
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5. **Preserve types**: Maintain appropriate data types
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Let's implement these fundamental operations!
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"""
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# %%
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def add(self, other: 'Tensor') -> 'Tensor':
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"""
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Add two tensors element-wise.
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@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import os
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# Add the module source directory to the path
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sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', 'modules', 'source', '04_networks'))
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from networks_dev import Sequential, MLP
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from networks_dev import Sequential, create_mlp as MLP
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class MockTensor:
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