Files
git/object.c
Patrick Steinhardt 7048e74609 object: fix performance regression when peeling tags
Our Bencher dashboards [1] have recently alerted us about a bunch of
performance regressions when writing references, specifically with the
reftable backend. There is a 3x regression when writing many refs with
preexisting refs in the reftable format, and a 10x regression when
migrating refs between backends in either of the formats.

Bisecting the issue lands us at 6ec4c0b45b (refs: don't store peeled
object IDs for invalid tags, 2025-10-23). The gist of the commit is that
we may end up storing peeled objects in both reftables and packed-refs
for corrupted tags, where the claimed tagged object type is different
than the actual tagged object type. This will then cause us to create
the `struct object *` with a wrong type, as well, and obviously nothing
good comes out of that.

The fix for this issue was to introduce a new flag to `peel_object()`
that causes us to verify the tagged object's type before writing it into
the refdb -- if the tag is corrupt, we skip writing the peeled value.
To verify whether the peeled value is correct we have to look up the
object type via the ODB and compare the actual type with the claimed
type, and that additional object lookup is costly.

This also explains why we see the regression only when writing refs with
the reftable backend, but we see the regression with both backends when
migrating refs:

  - The reftable backend knows to store peeled values in the new table
    immediately, so it has to try and peel each ref it's about to write
    to the transaction. So the performance regression is visible for all
    writes.

  - The files backend only stores peeled values when writing the
    packed-refs file, so it wouldn't hit the performance regression for
    normal writes. But on ref migrations we know to write all new values
    into the packed-refs file immediately, and that's why we see the
    regression for both backends there.

Taking a step back though reveals an oddity in the new verification
logic: we not only verify the _tagged_ object's type, but we also verify
the type of the tag itself. But this isn't really needed, as we wouldn't
hit the bug in such a case anyway, as we only hit the issue with corrupt
tags claiming an invalid type for the tagged object.

The consequence of this is that we now started to look up the target
object of every single reference we're about to write, regardless of
whether it even is a tag or not. And that is of course quite costly.

Fix the issue by only verifying the type of the tagged objects. This
means that we of course still have a performance hit for actual tags.
But this only happens for writes anyway, and I'd claim it's preferable
to not store corrupted data in the refdb than to be fast here. Rename
the flag accordingly to clarify that we only verify the tagged object's
type.

This fix brings performance back to previous levels:

    Benchmark 1: baseline
      Time (mean ± σ):      46.0 ms ±   0.4 ms    [User: 40.0 ms, System: 5.7 ms]
      Range (min … max):    45.0 ms …  47.1 ms    54 runs

    Benchmark 2: regression
      Time (mean ± σ):     140.2 ms ±   1.3 ms    [User: 77.5 ms, System: 60.5 ms]
      Range (min … max):   138.0 ms … 142.7 ms    20 runs

    Benchmark 3: fix
      Time (mean ± σ):      46.2 ms ±   0.4 ms    [User: 40.2 ms, System: 5.7 ms]
      Range (min … max):    45.0 ms …  47.3 ms    55 runs

    Summary
      update-ref: baseline
        1.00 ± 0.01 times faster than fix
        3.05 ± 0.04 times faster than regression

[1]: https://bencher.dev/perf/git/plots

Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2025-11-06 10:54:34 -08:00

597 lines
14 KiB
C

#define DISABLE_SIGN_COMPARE_WARNINGS
#include "git-compat-util.h"
#include "gettext.h"
#include "hex.h"
#include "object.h"
#include "replace-object.h"
#include "object-file.h"
#include "blob.h"
#include "statinfo.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "alloc.h"
#include "commit-graph.h"
unsigned int get_max_object_index(const struct repository *repo)
{
return repo->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size;
}
struct object *get_indexed_object(const struct repository *repo,
unsigned int idx)
{
return repo->parsed_objects->obj_hash[idx];
}
static const char *object_type_strings[] = {
NULL, /* OBJ_NONE = 0 */
"commit", /* OBJ_COMMIT = 1 */
"tree", /* OBJ_TREE = 2 */
"blob", /* OBJ_BLOB = 3 */
"tag", /* OBJ_TAG = 4 */
};
const char *type_name(unsigned int type)
{
if (type >= ARRAY_SIZE(object_type_strings))
return NULL;
return object_type_strings[type];
}
int type_from_string_gently(const char *str, ssize_t len, int gentle)
{
int i;
if (len < 0)
len = strlen(str);
for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(object_type_strings); i++)
if (!xstrncmpz(object_type_strings[i], str, len))
return i;
if (gentle)
return -1;
die(_("invalid object type \"%s\""), str);
}
/*
* Return a numerical hash value between 0 and n-1 for the object with
* the specified sha1. n must be a power of 2. Please note that the
* return value is *not* consistent across computer architectures.
*/
static unsigned int hash_obj(const struct object_id *oid, unsigned int n)
{
return oidhash(oid) & (n - 1);
}
/*
* Insert obj into the hash table hash, which has length size (which
* must be a power of 2). On collisions, simply overflow to the next
* empty bucket.
*/
static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned int size)
{
unsigned int j = hash_obj(&obj->oid, size);
while (hash[j]) {
j++;
if (j >= size)
j = 0;
}
hash[j] = obj;
}
/*
* Look up the record for the given sha1 in the hash map stored in
* obj_hash. Return NULL if it was not found.
*/
struct object *lookup_object(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid)
{
unsigned int i, first;
struct object *obj;
if (!r->parsed_objects->obj_hash)
return NULL;
first = i = hash_obj(oid, r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size);
while ((obj = r->parsed_objects->obj_hash[i]) != NULL) {
if (oideq(oid, &obj->oid))
break;
i++;
if (i == r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size)
i = 0;
}
if (obj && i != first) {
/*
* Move object to where we started to look for it so
* that we do not need to walk the hash table the next
* time we look for it.
*/
SWAP(r->parsed_objects->obj_hash[i],
r->parsed_objects->obj_hash[first]);
}
return obj;
}
/*
* Increase the size of the hash map stored in obj_hash to the next
* power of 2 (but at least 32). Copy the existing values to the new
* hash map.
*/
static void grow_object_hash(struct repository *r)
{
int i;
/*
* Note that this size must always be power-of-2 to match hash_obj
* above.
*/
int new_hash_size = r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size < 32 ? 32 : 2 * r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size;
struct object **new_hash;
CALLOC_ARRAY(new_hash, new_hash_size);
for (i = 0; i < r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size; i++) {
struct object *obj = r->parsed_objects->obj_hash[i];
if (!obj)
continue;
insert_obj_hash(obj, new_hash, new_hash_size);
}
free(r->parsed_objects->obj_hash);
r->parsed_objects->obj_hash = new_hash;
r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size = new_hash_size;
}
void *create_object(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid, void *o)
{
struct object *obj = o;
obj->parsed = 0;
obj->flags = 0;
oidcpy(&obj->oid, oid);
if (r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size - 1 <= r->parsed_objects->nr_objs * 2)
grow_object_hash(r);
insert_obj_hash(obj, r->parsed_objects->obj_hash,
r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size);
r->parsed_objects->nr_objs++;
return obj;
}
void *object_as_type(struct object *obj, enum object_type type, int quiet)
{
if (obj->type == type)
return obj;
else if (obj->type == OBJ_NONE) {
if (type == OBJ_COMMIT)
init_commit_node((struct commit *) obj);
else
obj->type = type;
return obj;
}
else {
if (!quiet)
error(_("object %s is a %s, not a %s"),
oid_to_hex(&obj->oid),
type_name(obj->type), type_name(type));
return NULL;
}
}
struct object *lookup_unknown_object(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid)
{
struct object *obj = lookup_object(r, oid);
if (!obj)
obj = create_object(r, oid, alloc_object_node(r));
return obj;
}
struct object *lookup_object_by_type(struct repository *r,
const struct object_id *oid,
enum object_type type)
{
switch (type) {
case OBJ_COMMIT:
return (struct object *)lookup_commit(r, oid);
case OBJ_TREE:
return (struct object *)lookup_tree(r, oid);
case OBJ_TAG:
return (struct object *)lookup_tag(r, oid);
case OBJ_BLOB:
return (struct object *)lookup_blob(r, oid);
default:
BUG("unknown object type %d", type);
}
}
enum peel_status peel_object(struct repository *r,
const struct object_id *name,
struct object_id *oid,
unsigned flags)
{
struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(r, name);
if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
int type = odb_read_object_info(r->objects, name, NULL);
if (type < 0 || !object_as_type(o, type, 0))
return PEEL_INVALID;
}
if (o->type != OBJ_TAG)
return PEEL_NON_TAG;
while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
o = parse_object(r, &o->oid);
if (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG && ((struct tag *)o)->tagged) {
o = ((struct tag *)o)->tagged;
if (flags & PEEL_OBJECT_VERIFY_TAGGED_OBJECT_TYPE) {
int type = odb_read_object_info(r->objects, &o->oid, NULL);
if (type < 0 || !object_as_type(o, type, 0))
return PEEL_INVALID;
}
} else {
o = NULL;
}
}
if (!o)
return PEEL_INVALID;
oidcpy(oid, &o->oid);
return PEEL_PEELED;
}
struct object *parse_object_buffer(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid, enum object_type type, unsigned long size, void *buffer, int *eaten_p)
{
struct object *obj;
*eaten_p = 0;
obj = NULL;
if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
struct blob *blob = lookup_blob(r, oid);
if (blob) {
parse_blob_buffer(blob);
obj = &blob->object;
}
} else if (type == OBJ_TREE) {
struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(r, oid);
if (tree) {
obj = &tree->object;
if (!tree->buffer)
tree->object.parsed = 0;
if (!tree->object.parsed) {
if (parse_tree_buffer(tree, buffer, size))
return NULL;
*eaten_p = 1;
}
}
} else if (type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(r, oid);
if (commit) {
if (parse_commit_buffer(r, commit, buffer, size, 1))
return NULL;
if (save_commit_buffer &&
!get_cached_commit_buffer(r, commit, NULL)) {
set_commit_buffer(r, commit, buffer, size);
*eaten_p = 1;
}
obj = &commit->object;
}
} else if (type == OBJ_TAG) {
struct tag *tag = lookup_tag(r, oid);
if (tag) {
if (parse_tag_buffer(r, tag, buffer, size))
return NULL;
obj = &tag->object;
}
} else {
warning(_("object %s has unknown type id %d"), oid_to_hex(oid), type);
obj = NULL;
}
return obj;
}
struct object *parse_object_or_die(struct repository *repo,
const struct object_id *oid,
const char *name)
{
struct object *o = parse_object(repo, oid);
if (o)
return o;
die(_("unable to parse object: %s"), name ? name : oid_to_hex(oid));
}
struct object *parse_object_with_flags(struct repository *r,
const struct object_id *oid,
enum parse_object_flags flags)
{
int skip_hash = !!(flags & PARSE_OBJECT_SKIP_HASH_CHECK);
int discard_tree = !!(flags & PARSE_OBJECT_DISCARD_TREE);
unsigned long size;
enum object_type type;
int eaten;
const struct object_id *repl = lookup_replace_object(r, oid);
void *buffer;
struct object *obj;
obj = lookup_object(r, oid);
if (obj && obj->parsed)
return obj;
if (skip_hash) {
struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_in_graph(r, repl);
if (commit)
return &commit->object;
}
if ((!obj || obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) &&
odb_read_object_info(r->objects, oid, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB) {
if (!skip_hash && stream_object_signature(r, repl) < 0) {
error(_("hash mismatch %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));
return NULL;
}
parse_blob_buffer(lookup_blob(r, oid));
return lookup_object(r, oid);
}
/*
* If the caller does not care about the tree buffer and does not
* care about checking the hash, we can simply verify that we
* have the on-disk object with the correct type.
*/
if (skip_hash && discard_tree &&
(!obj || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) &&
odb_read_object_info(r->objects, oid, NULL) == OBJ_TREE) {
return &lookup_tree(r, oid)->object;
}
buffer = odb_read_object(r->objects, oid, &type, &size);
if (buffer) {
if (!skip_hash &&
check_object_signature(r, repl, buffer, size, type) < 0) {
free(buffer);
error(_("hash mismatch %s"), oid_to_hex(repl));
return NULL;
}
obj = parse_object_buffer(r, oid, type, size,
buffer, &eaten);
if (!eaten)
free(buffer);
if (discard_tree && type == OBJ_TREE)
free_tree_buffer((struct tree *)obj);
return obj;
}
return NULL;
}
struct object *parse_object(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid)
{
return parse_object_with_flags(r, oid, 0);
}
struct object_list *object_list_insert(struct object *item,
struct object_list **list_p)
{
struct object_list *new_list = xmalloc(sizeof(struct object_list));
new_list->item = item;
new_list->next = *list_p;
*list_p = new_list;
return new_list;
}
int object_list_contains(struct object_list *list, struct object *obj)
{
while (list) {
if (list->item == obj)
return 1;
list = list->next;
}
return 0;
}
void object_list_free(struct object_list **list)
{
while (*list) {
struct object_list *p = *list;
*list = p->next;
free(p);
}
}
/*
* A zero-length string to which object_array_entry::name can be
* initialized without requiring a malloc/free.
*/
static char object_array_slopbuf[1];
void object_array_init(struct object_array *array)
{
struct object_array blank = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
memcpy(array, &blank, sizeof(*array));
}
void add_object_array_with_path(struct object *obj, const char *name,
struct object_array *array,
unsigned mode, const char *path)
{
unsigned nr = array->nr;
unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
struct object_array_entry *entry;
if (nr >= alloc) {
alloc = (alloc + 32) * 2;
REALLOC_ARRAY(objects, alloc);
array->alloc = alloc;
array->objects = objects;
}
entry = &objects[nr];
entry->item = obj;
if (!name)
entry->name = NULL;
else if (!*name)
/* Use our own empty string instead of allocating one: */
entry->name = object_array_slopbuf;
else
entry->name = xstrdup(name);
entry->mode = mode;
if (path)
entry->path = xstrdup(path);
else
entry->path = NULL;
array->nr = ++nr;
}
void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array)
{
add_object_array_with_path(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID, NULL);
}
/*
* Free all memory associated with an entry; the result is
* in an unspecified state and should not be examined.
*/
static void object_array_release_entry(struct object_array_entry *ent)
{
if (ent->name != object_array_slopbuf)
free(ent->name);
free(ent->path);
}
struct object *object_array_pop(struct object_array *array)
{
struct object *ret;
if (!array->nr)
return NULL;
ret = array->objects[array->nr - 1].item;
object_array_release_entry(&array->objects[array->nr - 1]);
array->nr--;
return ret;
}
void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data)
{
unsigned nr = array->nr, src, dst;
struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
if (want(&objects[src], cb_data)) {
if (src != dst)
objects[dst] = objects[src];
dst++;
} else {
object_array_release_entry(&objects[src]);
}
}
array->nr = dst;
}
void object_array_clear(struct object_array *array)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++)
object_array_release_entry(&array->objects[i]);
FREE_AND_NULL(array->objects);
array->nr = array->alloc = 0;
}
void clear_object_flags(struct repository *repo, unsigned flags)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < repo->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size; i++) {
struct object *obj = repo->parsed_objects->obj_hash[i];
if (obj)
obj->flags &= ~flags;
}
}
void repo_clear_commit_marks(struct repository *r, unsigned int flags)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < r->parsed_objects->obj_hash_size; i++) {
struct object *obj = r->parsed_objects->obj_hash[i];
if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
obj->flags &= ~flags;
}
}
struct parsed_object_pool *parsed_object_pool_new(struct repository *repo)
{
struct parsed_object_pool *o = xmalloc(sizeof(*o));
memset(o, 0, sizeof(*o));
o->repo = repo;
o->blob_state = alloc_state_alloc();
o->tree_state = alloc_state_alloc();
o->commit_state = alloc_state_alloc();
o->tag_state = alloc_state_alloc();
o->object_state = alloc_state_alloc();
o->is_shallow = -1;
CALLOC_ARRAY(o->shallow_stat, 1);
o->buffer_slab = allocate_commit_buffer_slab();
return o;
}
void parsed_object_pool_reset_commit_grafts(struct parsed_object_pool *o)
{
for (int i = 0; i < o->grafts_nr; i++) {
unparse_commit(o->repo, &o->grafts[i]->oid);
free(o->grafts[i]);
}
o->grafts_nr = 0;
o->commit_graft_prepared = 0;
}
void parsed_object_pool_clear(struct parsed_object_pool *o)
{
/*
* As objects are allocated in slabs (see alloc.c), we do
* not need to free each object, but each slab instead.
*
* Before doing so, we need to free any additional memory
* the objects may hold.
*/
unsigned i;
for (i = 0; i < o->obj_hash_size; i++) {
struct object *obj = o->obj_hash[i];
if (!obj)
continue;
if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE)
free_tree_buffer((struct tree*)obj);
else if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
release_commit_memory(o, (struct commit*)obj);
else if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
release_tag_memory((struct tag*)obj);
}
FREE_AND_NULL(o->obj_hash);
o->obj_hash_size = 0;
free_commit_buffer_slab(o->buffer_slab);
o->buffer_slab = NULL;
parsed_object_pool_reset_commit_grafts(o);
alloc_state_free_and_null(&o->blob_state);
alloc_state_free_and_null(&o->tree_state);
alloc_state_free_and_null(&o->commit_state);
alloc_state_free_and_null(&o->tag_state);
alloc_state_free_and_null(&o->object_state);
stat_validity_clear(o->shallow_stat);
FREE_AND_NULL(o->shallow_stat);
}