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Originally created by @kripper on GitHub (Nov 14, 2024).
Original GitHub issue: https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues/7673
What is the issue?
Hardware has 11.1 GiB (RAM) + 1.9 GiB (GPU) = 13 GiB, but fails to run a 3B model.
Any idea why?
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@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 14, 2024):
The memory calculations may be a little off, resulting in ollama trying to offload too many layers. You can try reducing the number of layers being offloaded to GPU and see if it loads successfully, see https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues/6950#issuecomment-2373663650.
As a quick check, what does the following do:
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 14, 2024):
No, GPU and CPU have different memory, VRAM vs RAM. In most cases, ollama will spill model weights into RAM if VRAM is not big enough, and use both GPU/CPU + VRAM/RAM for inference. If the requested context will not fit in VRAM, then the whole model will be moved to RAM.
@daphil19 commented on GitHub (Nov 15, 2024):
I've been seeing similar issues with several models on my system, which models either working or not working in confusing ways.
I've got a GTX 970 (4GB VRAM) and 40GB RAM. Loading
llama3.2:3byields a similarCUDA error: out of memorydespite what I understand to be ample headroom on the GPU to hold the entire model, even if I go all the way down to q2. Other models have the same issue, like appropriately-sized quants ofllama3.1:7bandqwen-2.5-coder:7b.Confusingly, larger models like
phi3.5ormistral:7b, do seem to work without issue.Here's the logs from an attempted run of
llama3.2:3b:@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 15, 2024):
Short prompts are no problem:
{"model":"llama3.2:latest","created_at":"2024-11-15T16:34:59.506124077Z","response":"How can I assist you today?","done":true,"done_reason":"stop","context":[128006,9125,128007,271,38766,1303,33025,2696,25,6790,220,2366,18,271,128009,128006,882,128007,271,6151,128009,128006,78191,128007,271,4438,649,358,7945,499,3432,30],"total_duration":63607924193,"load_duration":52833178648,"prompt_eval_count":26,"prompt_eval_duration":9447000000,"eval_count":8,"eval_duration":1326000000}{"model":"llama3.2-vision:latest","created_at":"2024-11-15T16:44:44.727808022Z","response":"How's your day going so far? Is there something I can help you with or would you like to chat?","done":true,"done_reason":"stop","context":[128006,882,128007,271,6151,128009,128006,78191,128007,271,4438,596,701,1938,2133,779,3117,30,2209,1070,2555,358,649,1520,499,449,477,1053,499,1093,311,6369,30],"total_duration":8708490324,"load_duration":27991851,"prompt_eval_count":11,"prompt_eval_duration":359000000,"eval_count":24,"eval_duration":8320000000}@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 15, 2024):
I see. So, Ollama cannot access the RAM via an integrated GPU?
Is it possible to support this feature in the future?
I believe it's called UMA (Unified Memory Architecture), correct?
Would UMA support allow handling a larger requested context by utilizing both VRAM and RAM?
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 15, 2024):
I glossed over some details there for brevity. For an integrated GPU, yes, the memory is the same, but it's partitioned. I don't deal with those sorts of systems, so I don't know for sure, but my understanding is that the partitioning is determined in the BIOS and the memory is not interchangeable. My understanding could be wrong.
For discrete Nvidia devices, some models do support accessing system RAM from the GPU. Nvidia calls this fallback memory, llama.cpp calls this unified memory. llama.cpp uses this on supported drivers, on by default for WIndows, while Linux users need to set an environment variable. More discussion here, the summary of which is that in the use cases I've seen, using unified memory is not a win for large models on small machines.
Back the the problem that you are having - you successfully loaded the model by reducing the number of layers offloaded to the GPU. This points to ollama not properly computing the memory requirements for the model in a really constrained space. Memory calculations are dependent on model architecture, so ollama may err for some models and not others. Anecdotally, I've also seen old GPU/driver combos be a bit loose with the memory reporting, so if ollama is not getting the right numbers to work with, it may contribute to the error. Same holds true for @daphil19's 970. My suggestion is to adjust
num_gpuuntil you get a failure to load, then back off one or two layers and create a new model as detailed in https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues/6950#issuecomment-2373663650.@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 15, 2024):
Ok, thanks.
BTW, I'm pasting the hardware specs for my two iGPUs.
I believe UMA is only supported on the
HD Graphics 520, but not on theGeForce 940M.And Ollama is probably using the
GeForce 940Mbecause it's the only one supportting CUDA.Does Ollama support OpenVINO?
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 15, 2024):
Not currently. There's open tickets for OpenVINO and other backends like ONNX, but implementing support for those has a lower priority than other ongoing work.
@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 15, 2024):
Yes, and there is also the pending Vulkan PR that could be useful for Intel iGPUs.
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 15, 2024):
There's another way the OOM problem can be mitigated. The problem with setting a fixed layer count is it's inflexible in the face of changing context size or loading other VRAM using apps or models. As an alternative,
OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEADcan be set to enforce a buffer between the VRAM ollama wants to allocate to layers and the free space in the GPU. In this way if ollama is incorrect in the memory calculations, the overflow will go in to the buffer rather than having llama.cpp OOMing.@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 16, 2024):
Ok. I used
OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD=7000000000to bypass the memory validation.I'm testing
qwen2.5:7bon a similar hardware with 2 iGPUs.Ollama is now using all available VRAM (2 GB) + 3.8 GB shared memory.
ollama psreports100% GPUand windows Task Manager reports 100% CUDA on the NVIDIA GPU...Everything looks good, except:
ollama is also using
20% CPU. Why? It is supposed to only use GPU.And the performance is notable worse than when using
75%/25% CPU/GPU, in which case the GPU only uses 7% CUDA.Is there anyway to profile or trace what's going on?
Maybe llama.cpp is not directly accesing the shared memory but copying from the buffer to the GPU or doing some other unnecesary operations?
According to ChatGPT the GPU should be able to directly access the shared memory and this should be faster than doing CPU compute.
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 16, 2024):
Logs will help. If you've set OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD=7G and you're using similar hardware with iGPUs with 4G of VRAM, then you may be setting up a sub-optimal configuration. If the model is being forced into shared RAM there may be a performance penalty as previously pointed out.
@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 16, 2024):
Yes, all GPU VRAM is used and the rest is using shared GPU memory.
What I wonder is that In theory, using GPU + shared GPU memory should be faster than using CPU + RAM (even when shared GPU memory is slower then RAM), because CPUs generally lack the massively parallel processing capability of GPUs, making them slower for large-scale matrix operations unless they are small or require minimal parallelism.
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 16, 2024):
GPUs have massively parallel processing capability but it's useless if you can't feed it data.
@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 16, 2024):
Right. At the end, the overall performance will depend on the caching strategy used to reduce memory bandwidth usage.
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 16, 2024):
Well, that's the thing - LLMs are very poor candidates for caching. So as soon as a modest part of your model resides out of VRAM, performance suffers.
@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 17, 2024):
Llama 3.2 3B works fine for small prompts.
For bigger prompts, it throws OOM.
Some tests:
Expected behaviour: use "GPU + Shared Memory" or "GPU + VRAM + CPU + RAM".
Here are the logs from an OOM crash.
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 17, 2024):
Do you have logs from when
OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEADis not zero?@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 17, 2024):
Here with OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD = 1.2 G (works very slow using 100% CPU):
@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 17, 2024):
And here with OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD = 0,5 G and a OOM crash:
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 17, 2024):
OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD=1200000000and slow is expected: the GPU has 1.9G free, overhead removes 1.1G leaving 800M which is not enough to load KV, graph and a layer, so the whole lot gets moved to RAM.OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD=500000000and OOM is unexpected because ollama only loads 6 layers and there is supposed to be unused VRAM that llama.cpp can allocate from. Is there a number fornum_gpuwhere the model loads and doesn't OOM when being used?@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 17, 2024):
Using lm-studio with same hardware, model and prompt, it works fine and uses GPU + VRAM (1646MiB / 2048MiB) + some CPU + 4 GB RAM resident memory.
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 17, 2024):
How many layers does lm-studio load in VRAM?
@rick-github commented on GitHub (Nov 17, 2024):
I started an LM-Studio server and the performance/memory for full GPU offload is the same as ollama:
I'll try setting up an environment similar to yours and see what happens.
@kripper commented on GitHub (Nov 18, 2024):
Sorry, I didn't notice LM-Studio was using the Vulkan Runtime instead of CUDA Runtime.
With Vulkan it worked fine with GPU Offload = 4/28 and sometimes with GPU Offload = 5/28.
@kripper commented on GitHub (Dec 4, 2024):
I'm closing this issue.
Accepted answer: https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues/7673#issuecomment-2480813021