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Originally created by @DrGood01 on GitHub (Dec 27, 2023).
Original GitHub issue: https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues/1727
Originally assigned to: @dhiltgen on GitHub.
I'm running Ollama on a ubuntu 22 linux laptop with 32 G of RAM and a NVIDIA gtx 1650. Ollama loads the models exclusively in the graphic card RAM, and doesn't use any of the system RAM at all. Very frustrating, as it exists with "Error: llama runner exited, you may not have enough available memory to run this model" as soon as I try to chat...
@iplayfast commented on GitHub (Dec 27, 2023):
I ran into this as well, The way to get around it is to tell ollama you have no gpu. Then it will load into memory.
my mixtralcpu model is as follows.
modify it for the model you are trying, and create a new model
llama create mixtralcpu
@PollastreGH commented on GitHub (Dec 27, 2023):
Can confirm that I'm running into this issue as-well, EndeavourOS Linux desktop with 64GB of RAM and an RTX-3080.
Update: For me this seems to only be happening on 13b models. All 7b models I've tried and a 70b model (dolphin-mixtral) do not have this issue. Strange. Additionally, this didn't happen for me when I was on WSL2, but it does now that I'm on native Linux.
@DrGood01 commented on GitHub (Dec 30, 2023):
iplayfast, thank you so much! I'm now running mixtralcpu on my laptop! It's loading into RAM, which is nice. But it also fills the swap space. Is there a way to tell it not to fill swap? Thanks again.
edit: I'm wondering now if there's a way to tell the model that it should use the calculation capacities of the graphic card?
@easp commented on GitHub (Jan 2, 2024):
If you don't have enough RAM, your system will use swap. The solution is to either get more RAM and/or reduce the RAM demands of your computer by closing files, quitting apps, using smaller models.
@DrGood01 commented on GitHub (Jan 3, 2024):
thanks easp. I've got 32G or RAM, and while working, my mixtralcpu uses only 7 or 8 G of it, while rapidly filling swap. Any idea?
@Nantris commented on GitHub (Jan 4, 2024):
It seems like for me the ollama never uses system memory at all, which doesn't make any sense to me, but it is reading from the disk at 140MB/s nonstop while it generates though and take up to 15 minutes for a brief response, so maybe it really isn't using system memory.
No GPU involvement.
Specifically I'm on via WSL1 (which I know is not officially supported, but is the only option I have.)
I hope there might be a Windows version soon! LLMs are just too heavy to boot up in traditional VMs.
@gbrohammer commented on GitHub (Jan 9, 2024):
Same problem, Ubuntu 64GB RAM laptop with RTX 3050 TI (4GB VRAM) fails to load the LLAMA2 model
@bsu3338 commented on GitHub (Jan 19, 2024):
I am having the same problem. I am using the docker image. Solution from @iplayfast did not work for me. I tried q5_k_m models of mixtral, mistral, and llama2. I am also running within a VM.
@bsu3338 commented on GitHub (Jan 28, 2024):
My problem was caused because the Hyper-V VM was running with Dynamic Memory. After removing that option, everything worked as designed. I do not know where, but it would be good to be made a note somewhere in documentation.
@pdevine commented on GitHub (Mar 11, 2024):
This should be working better in that ollama should offload a portion to the GPU, and a portion to the CPU. Can you test again with ollama version 0.1.28?
There are also a change coming in 0.1.29 where you will be able to set the amount of VRAM that you want to use which should force it to use the system memory instead.
@Nantris commented on GitHub (Mar 19, 2024):
It works here on Windows now that WSL is no longer involved.
@mzpqnxow commented on GitHub (Apr 11, 2024):
Important note on this, specifically for most Linux distributions. Arguably the most important thing for Linux desktop users with more than 16GB RAM
Most popular Linux distributions (all Debian-based distros, at least) advise the kernel to use swap for an unreasonably large portion of memory allocations, even when there’s still plenty of physical RAM available
This is a really nasty default setting that in my opinion should be adjusted or determined dynamically or by asking the user at installation time. For most workloads, a system with 32GB RAM should never proactively swap
You can tell the kernel not to swap so aggressively by setting the swappiness value lower. It’s a scale of 1-100, Debian sets it to 40 or 60 by default. I reduce it to 1 (effectively, “hardly ever swap”)
as usual, Arch docs are the best on the subject. There is a link there with counterpoints that you may want to consider over my suggestion. I prefer to reduce disk i/o, ymmv.
@mzpqnxow commented on GitHub (Apr 11, 2024):
Check swappiness (see my previous comment, should have replied to your comment sorry)
@ConfoundedHermit commented on GitHub (Apr 12, 2024):
I have this same issue on Windows native v0.1.31 with any model. Loads models into GPU vRAM, but larger models obviously run like molasses when it caps the vRAM. System RAM is not touched by the model at all and there is 100+ GB free.
@dhiltgen commented on GitHub (Apr 12, 2024):
I've lost track of what this issue is tracking. It sounds like the initial problem was we miscalculated the number of layers of the model to load on the GPU, and ran out of VRAM and crashed. In general, Ollama is going to try to use the GPU and VRAM before system memory. We've been improving our prediction algorithms to get closer to fully utilizing the GPU's VRAM, without exceeding it, so I'd definitely encourage you to try the latest release.
@Nantris commented on GitHub (Apr 12, 2024):
I am pretty confident that when I tested it was properly using system RAM, as I haven't nearly enough VRAM to store an entire model and yet response times were pretty reasonable (a few seconds, as opposed to previously a few minutes.)
Thanks for the great work.
@Louden7 commented on GitHub (Apr 14, 2024):
I still think this is an issue with linux, or more specifically Ubuntu.
Troubleshooting steps taken:
I am running Ollama 0.1.31 locally on a Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS with 16GB RAM and 12GB RTX 3080ti and old Ryzen 1800x. Any LLM smaller then 12GB runs flawlessly since its all on the GPU's memory. However when I tried testing with the 19GB codellama:34b It loads all ~10GB on the GPU but then nothing on the available 16GB of RAM resulting in extremely slow response times.
Screenshots below:
TMUX split screen of htop (top half) and nvtop (bottom half). Note: Average GPU% was ~7%

OpenwebUI with details on prompt response.

@joshwkearney commented on GitHub (Apr 24, 2024):
I'll second this, I'm having the same problem running on Zorin 17.1 (based on Ubuntu). Hardware is a Ryzen 3800x, 1080ti 12GB, and 32GB of ram. If I run models much larger than 8b it can't all fit into vram but it doesn't use my system memory at all. I tried the troubleshooting above but no luck
@siakc commented on GitHub (Apr 30, 2024):
Is this related?
@Louden7 commented on GitHub (Apr 30, 2024):
Yes both of these issues seem related. Trying to run a larger model that does not all fit on GPU VRAM should store the remaining in system RAM but by the images I shared above does not.
Ideally (and I may be wrong) in this case it would fill up GPU VRAM, then system RAM and share the compute load on both GPU and CPU favoring GPU for performance.
@Nantris commented on GitHub (Apr 30, 2024):
Is it fair to think this only affects Linux at this point? I haven't re-tested Windows as it's kind of a pain and I haven't much use for it, but it worked for me last time I tried.
@easp commented on GitHub (May 1, 2024):
@Louden7
The portion in VRAM is computed on the GPU, the portion in system RAM is computed by the CPU. The bottleneck is memory bandwidth, not compute. Transferring data from system RAM to the GPU is slower than transferring it to the CPU.
Model weights are memory mapped. They are accounted for in buffer/file cache, which is generally counted as available memory. Performance with 19GB of model weights is bad because the portion that doesn't fit in VRAM is processed by the CPU, which is much slower than the GPU. Your GPU utilization is low because it's spending most of its time waiting for the CPU.
@Louden7 commented on GitHub (May 2, 2024):
@easp
That makes sense. Thank you for the detailed explanation!
I am still curious about htop not showing the correct system RAM utilization.
@siakc commented on GitHub (May 3, 2024):
If you like I can run some more commands for you to see what is going on.
@pdevine commented on GitHub (May 16, 2024):
I'm going to go ahead and close this. Models should work w/ hybrid CPU/GPU. If you want to see what portion is offloaded you can now use the new
ollama pscommand.@kwikiel commented on GitHub (Sep 8, 2024):
The issue seems to be that some people would expect Ollama to load models to RAM first, then keep them there as long as possible and when there is some requests -> load from RAM to VRAM
I have 128 GB RAM and 72 GB VRAM ( 3x3090 ) so I can keep the models in RAM instead of loading them from disk for each time it's dropped from the GPU.
This seems kind of non-standard use case and maybe this can be circumvented by using RAM-disk for storing models so it can be fixed without changing anything in the Ollama code.
@summersonnn commented on GitHub (Oct 21, 2024):
Hey.
I have 12 GB VRAM and 64GB RAM.
When I run a 53 GB model, I observe that my VRAM is almost full but my RAM and swap do not change. So, where is the model loaded to?
qwen2.5:72b 424bad2cc13f 53 GB 78%/22% CPU/GPU
It feels like my model is partially loaded onto GPU and processed by CPU (otherwise why would I see spike in cpu usage?) My GPU usage seldomly exceeds 30% and probably around 10% in average. What's going on?
Shouldn't I be seeing like 11 GB VRAM usage (like now) + 42 GB RAM usage ?
@easp commented on GitHub (Oct 21, 2024):
@summersonnn https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues/1727#issuecomment-2087971975
@cyberluke commented on GitHub (Jan 15, 2025):
Yes, I am expecting exactly this behavior! It seems Ollama is not that efficient. But openVINO can do it.