[core] Update Flutter to Version 3.16.0 (#70)

Update the used Flutter version to 3.16.0 and all Flutter packages to
their latest version.

This commit also fixes all of the newly added analysis options and the
layout changes introduced with the new Flutter version (e.g. we have to
set the "tabAlignment" property in the "TabBar" widget).

app/lib/widgets/deck/deck_layout_small.dart

@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ class DeckLayoutSmall extends StatelessWidget {
                     ),
                     child: TabBar(
                       isScrollable: true,
+                      tabAlignment: TabAlignment.start,
                       onTap: (int index) {
                         /// When the user clicks on a tab we update the index in
                         /// the [LayoutRepository] so that we can use it as