From 5beabbdf9796d02791b5888247bdd1dfc8b40ca8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Yang <himself65@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Dec 2025 16:46:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] chore: use `Awaitable` type (#6790)

---
 .../adapters/prisma-adapter/prisma-adapter.ts |  4 ++--
 .../better-auth/src/adapters/test-adapter.ts  |  6 ++----
 packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test.ts     |  4 ++--
 packages/better-auth/src/api/index.ts         |  3 ++-
 packages/better-auth/src/client/index.ts      |  2 +-
 .../better-auth/src/plugins/access/types.ts   |  2 +-
 .../src/plugins/anonymous/types.ts            | 12 +++++++----
 .../plugins/api-key/routes/create-api-key.ts  |  4 ++--
 .../src/plugins/api-key/routes/index.ts       |  4 ++--
 .../better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/types.ts  | 14 +++++++------
 packages/better-auth/src/plugins/jwt/types.ts |  6 +++---
 .../src/plugins/magic-link/index.ts           |  5 +++--
 .../better-auth/src/plugins/open-api/index.ts |  3 +--
 .../organization/routes/crud-members.ts       |  2 +-
 .../src/plugins/organization/types.ts         | 21 ++++++++++---------
 .../src/plugins/phone-number/types.ts         |  3 +--
 .../src/plugins/two-factor/otp/index.ts       |  4 ++--
 .../src/plugins/two-factor/types.ts           |  3 +--
 .../src/test-utils/test-instance.ts           |  3 ++-
 packages/better-auth/src/types/helper.ts      | 12 ++---------
 packages/core/src/db/index.ts                 |  5 -----
 packages/core/src/db/type.ts                  | 12 +++++------
 packages/core/src/oauth2/oauth-provider.ts    |  4 ++--
 packages/core/src/types/helper.ts             | 10 ++++++++-
 packages/core/src/types/init-options.ts       |  4 ++--
 packages/core/src/types/plugin.ts             |  5 ++---
 .../expo/src/plugins/last-login-method.ts     |  8 +++----
 packages/sso/src/types.ts                     |  8 +++----
 28 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/prisma-adapter/prisma-adapter.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/prisma-adapter/prisma-adapter.ts
index fc997d2539..d8775e3b56 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/prisma-adapter/prisma-adapter.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/prisma-adapter/prisma-adapter.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { BetterAuthOptions } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { Awaitable, BetterAuthOptions } from "@better-auth/core";
 import type {
 	AdapterFactoryCustomizeAdapterCreator,
 	AdapterFactoryOptions,
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ interface PrismaClient {}
 
 type PrismaClientInternal = {
 	$transaction: (
-		callback: (db: PrismaClient) => Promise<any> | any,
+		callback: (db: PrismaClient) => Awaitable<any>,
 	) => Promise<any>;
 } & {
 	[model: string]: {
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test-adapter.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test-adapter.ts
index 4fe46dee2d..5d8e990232 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test-adapter.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test-adapter.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { BetterAuthOptions } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { Awaitable, BetterAuthOptions } from "@better-auth/core";
 import type { DBAdapter } from "@better-auth/core/db/adapter";
 import { deepmerge, initGetModelName } from "@better-auth/core/db/adapter";
 import { TTY_COLORS } from "@better-auth/core/env";
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ export const testAdapter = async ({
 	 */
 	adapter: (
 		options: BetterAuthOptions,
-	) =>
-		| Promise<(options: BetterAuthOptions) => DBAdapter<BetterAuthOptions>>
-		| ((options: BetterAuthOptions) => DBAdapter<BetterAuthOptions>);
+	) => Awaitable<(options: BetterAuthOptions) => DBAdapter<BetterAuthOptions>>;
 	/**
 	 * A function that will run the database migrations.
 	 */
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test.ts
index 2c64cb5157..41a2e096a7 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/adapters/test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { BetterAuthOptions } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { Awaitable, BetterAuthOptions } from "@better-auth/core";
 import type { DBAdapter } from "@better-auth/core/db/adapter";
 import { beforeAll, describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
 import type { User } from "../types";
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { generateId } from "../utils";
 interface AdapterTestOptions {
 	getAdapter: (
 		customOptions?: Omit<BetterAuthOptions, "database">,
-	) => Promise<DBAdapter<BetterAuthOptions>> | DBAdapter<BetterAuthOptions>;
+	) => Awaitable<DBAdapter<BetterAuthOptions>>;
 	disableTests?: Partial<Record<keyof typeof adapterTests, boolean>>;
 	testPrefix?: string;
 }
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/api/index.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/api/index.ts
index 017127e46c..7decbd10c3 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/api/index.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/api/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type {
 	AuthContext,
+	Awaitable,
 	BetterAuthOptions,
 	BetterAuthPlugin,
 } from "@better-auth/core";
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ To resolve this, you can:
 }
 
 export function getEndpoints<Option extends BetterAuthOptions>(
-	ctx: Promise<AuthContext> | AuthContext,
+	ctx: Awaitable<AuthContext>,
 	options: Option,
 ) {
 	const pluginEndpoints =
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/client/index.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/client/index.ts
index a468140488..47474a0806 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/client/index.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/client/index.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export function InferAuth<O extends { options: BetterAuthOptions }>() {
 
 //#region Necessary re-exports
 export type * from "@better-auth/core/db";
-export type { Primitive } from "@better-auth/core/db";
+export type { DBPrimitive } from "@better-auth/core/db";
 export type * from "@better-fetch/fetch";
 // @ts-expect-error
 export type * from "nanostores";
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/access/types.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/access/types.ts
index 06f110ee51..3e9c1fa81b 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/access/types.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/access/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { LiteralString } from "../../types/helper";
+import type { LiteralString } from "@better-auth/core";
 import type { AuthorizeResponse, createAccessControl } from "./access";
 
 export type SubArray<T extends unknown[] | readonly unknown[] | any[]> =
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/anonymous/types.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/anonymous/types.ts
index b3b188841a..e2ad10d081 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/anonymous/types.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/anonymous/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-import type { AuthContext, GenericEndpointContext } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type {
+	AuthContext,
+	Awaitable,
+	GenericEndpointContext,
+} from "@better-auth/core";
 import type { EndpointContext } from "better-call";
 import type { InferOptionSchema, Session, User } from "../../types";
 import type { schema } from "./schema";
@@ -29,7 +33,7 @@ export interface AnonymousOptions {
 					session: Session & Record<string, any>;
 				};
 				ctx: GenericEndpointContext;
-		  }) => Promise<void> | void)
+		  }) => Awaitable<void>)
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * Disable deleting the anonymous user after linking
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ export interface AnonymousOptions {
 					},
 					AuthContext
 				>,
-		  ) => Promise<string> | string)
+		  ) => Awaitable<string>)
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * A custom random email generation function.
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ export interface AnonymousOptions {
 	 * You are responsible for ensuring the email is unique to avoid conflicts.
 	 * @returns The email address for the anonymous user.
 	 */
-	generateRandomEmail?: (() => Promise<string> | string) | undefined;
+	generateRandomEmail?: (() => Awaitable<string>) | undefined;
 	/**
 	 * Custom schema for the anonymous plugin
 	 */
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/routes/create-api-key.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/routes/create-api-key.ts
index 0695d97b5a..d600d0a768 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/routes/create-api-key.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/routes/create-api-key.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { AuthContext } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { AuthContext, Awaitable } from "@better-auth/core";
 import { createAuthEndpoint } from "@better-auth/core/api";
 import { safeJSONParse } from "@better-auth/core/utils";
 import * as z from "zod";
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export function createApiKey({
 	keyGenerator: (options: {
 		length: number;
 		prefix: string | undefined;
-	}) => Promise<string> | string;
+	}) => Awaitable<string>;
 	opts: PredefinedApiKeyOptions;
 	schema: ReturnType<typeof apiKeySchema>;
 	deleteAllExpiredApiKeys(
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/routes/index.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/routes/index.ts
index 3dc012539a..a8f943f0d7 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/routes/index.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/routes/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { AuthContext } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { AuthContext, Awaitable } from "@better-auth/core";
 import { API_KEY_TABLE_NAME } from "..";
 import type { apiKeySchema } from "../schema";
 import type { ApiKey, ApiKeyOptions } from "../types";
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export function createApiKeyRoutes({
 	keyGenerator: (options: {
 		length: number;
 		prefix: string | undefined;
-	}) => Promise<string> | string;
+	}) => Awaitable<string>;
 	opts: PredefinedApiKeyOptions;
 	schema: ReturnType<typeof apiKeySchema>;
 }) {
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/types.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/types.ts
index 3f68da6b50..d2b380e865 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/types.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/api-key/types.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import type {
+	Awaitable,
 	GenericEndpointContext,
 	HookEndpointContext,
 } from "@better-auth/core";
+
 import type { InferOptionSchema } from "../../types";
 import type { Statements } from "../access";
 import type { apiKeySchema } from "./schema";
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ export interface ApiKeyOptions {
 		| ((options: {
 				ctx: GenericEndpointContext;
 				key: string;
-		  }) => boolean | Promise<boolean>)
+		  }) => Awaitable<boolean>)
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * custom key generation function
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ export interface ApiKeyOptions {
 		 * The prefix of the API key to generate
 		 */
 		prefix: string | undefined;
-	}) => string | Promise<string>;
+	}) => Awaitable<string>;
 	/**
 	 * The configuration for storing the starting characters of the API key in the database.
 	 *
@@ -206,7 +208,7 @@ export interface ApiKeyOptions {
 					| ((
 							userId: string,
 							ctx: GenericEndpointContext,
-					  ) => Statements | Promise<Statements>);
+					  ) => Awaitable<Statements>);
 		  }
 		| undefined;
 	/**
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ export interface ApiKeyOptions {
 				/**
 				 * Get a value from storage
 				 */
-				get: (key: string) => Promise<unknown> | unknown;
+				get: (key: string) => Awaitable<unknown>;
 				/**
 				 * Set a value in storage
 				 */
@@ -248,11 +250,11 @@ export interface ApiKeyOptions {
 					key: string,
 					value: string,
 					ttl?: number | undefined,
-				) => Promise<void | null | unknown> | void;
+				) => Awaitable<void | null | unknown>;
 				/**
 				 * Delete a value from storage
 				 */
-				delete: (key: string) => Promise<void | null | string> | void;
+				delete: (key: string) => Awaitable<void | null | string>;
 		  }
 		| undefined;
 }
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/jwt/types.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/jwt/types.ts
index 8320ebc08d..ef5df91aef 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/jwt/types.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/jwt/types.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+import type { Awaitable } from "@better-auth/core";
 import type { JWTPayload } from "jose";
 import type { GenericEndpointContext } from "../..";
 import type { InferOptionSchema, Session, User } from "../../types";
-import type { Awaitable } from "../../types/helper";
 import type { schema } from "./schema";
 
 export interface JwtOptions {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export interface JwtOptions {
 				definePayload?: (session: {
 					user: User & Record<string, any>;
 					session: Session & Record<string, any>;
-				}) => Promise<Record<string, any>> | Record<string, any> | undefined;
+				}) => Awaitable<Record<string, any>> | undefined;
 				/**
 				 * A function that is called to get the subject of the JWT
 				 *
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ export interface JwtOptions {
 				getSubject?: (session: {
 					user: User & Record<string, any>;
 					session: Session & Record<string, any>;
-				}) => Promise<string> | string | undefined;
+				}) => Awaitable<string> | undefined;
 				/**
 				 * A custom function to remote sign the jwt payload.
 				 *
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/magic-link/index.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/magic-link/index.ts
index fecb56528a..4e9d505aab 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/magic-link/index.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/magic-link/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type {
+	Awaitable,
 	BetterAuthPlugin,
 	GenericEndpointContext,
 } from "@better-auth/core";
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ export interface MagicLinkOptions {
 			token: string;
 		},
 		ctx?: GenericEndpointContext | undefined,
-	) => Promise<void> | void;
+	) => Awaitable<void>;
 	/**
 	 * Disable sign up if user is not found.
 	 *
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ export interface MagicLinkOptions {
 	/**
 	 * Custom function to generate a token
 	 */
-	generateToken?: ((email: string) => Promise<string> | string) | undefined;
+	generateToken?: ((email: string) => Awaitable<string>) | undefined;
 
 	/**
 	 * This option allows you to configure how the token is stored in your database.
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/open-api/index.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/open-api/index.ts
index 723fd6f7f4..c8e55034e9 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/open-api/index.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/open-api/index.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-import type { BetterAuthPlugin } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { BetterAuthPlugin, LiteralString } from "@better-auth/core";
 import { createAuthEndpoint } from "@better-auth/core/api";
 import { APIError } from "../../api";
-import type { LiteralString } from "../../types/helper";
 import { HIDE_METADATA } from "../../utils";
 import { generator } from "./generator";
 import { logo } from "./logo";
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/organization/routes/crud-members.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/organization/routes/crud-members.ts
index 5f4808cb9b..2f40deb1ea 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/organization/routes/crud-members.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/organization/routes/crud-members.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { LiteralString } from "@better-auth/core";
 import { createAuthEndpoint } from "@better-auth/core/api";
 import { BASE_ERROR_CODES } from "@better-auth/core/error";
 import { APIError } from "better-call";
@@ -5,7 +6,6 @@ import * as z from "zod";
 import { getSessionFromCtx, sessionMiddleware } from "../../../api";
 import type { InferAdditionalFieldsFromPluginOptions } from "../../../db";
 import { toZodSchema } from "../../../db/to-zod";
-import type { LiteralString } from "../../../types/helper";
 import { getOrgAdapter } from "../adapter";
 import { orgMiddleware, orgSessionMiddleware } from "../call";
 import { ORGANIZATION_ERROR_CODES } from "../error-codes";
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/organization/types.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/organization/types.ts
index 3f0332d1ae..3959b78f5a 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/organization/types.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/organization/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-import type { AuthContext, GenericEndpointContext } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type {
+	AuthContext,
+	Awaitable,
+	GenericEndpointContext,
+} from "@better-auth/core";
 import type { DBFieldAttribute } from "@better-auth/core/db";
 import type { Session, User } from "../../types";
 import type { AccessControl, Role } from "../access";
@@ -26,10 +30,7 @@ export interface OrganizationOptions {
 	 * @default true
 	 */
 	allowUserToCreateOrganization?:
-		| (
-				| boolean
-				| ((user: User & Record<string, any>) => Promise<boolean> | boolean)
-		  )
+		| (boolean | ((user: User & Record<string, any>) => Awaitable<boolean>))
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * The maximum number of organizations a user can create.
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ export interface OrganizationOptions {
 	 * You can also pass a function that returns a boolean
 	 */
 	organizationLimit?:
-		| (number | ((user: User) => Promise<boolean> | boolean))
+		| (number | ((user: User) => Awaitable<boolean>))
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * The role that is assigned to the creator of the
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ export interface OrganizationOptions {
 				 */
 				maximumRolesPerOrganization?:
 					| number
-					| ((organizationId: string) => Promise<number> | number);
+					| ((organizationId: string) => Awaitable<number>);
 		  }
 		| undefined;
 	/**
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ export interface OrganizationOptions {
 						} | null;
 					},
 					ctx?: GenericEndpointContext,
-			  ) => number | Promise<number>)
+			  ) => Awaitable<number>)
 			| number;
 
 		/**
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ export interface OrganizationOptions {
 					teamId: string;
 					session: { user: User; session: Session };
 					organizationId: string;
-			  }) => Promise<number> | number)
+			  }) => Awaitable<number>)
 			| undefined;
 		/**
 		 * By default, if an organization does only have one team, they'll not be able to remove it.
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ export interface OrganizationOptions {
 					member: Member & Record<string, any>;
 				},
 				ctx: AuthContext,
-		  ) => Promise<number> | number)
+		  ) => Awaitable<number>)
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * Cancel pending invitations on re-invite.
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/phone-number/types.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/phone-number/types.ts
index f0c1b49b11..d0507e13e2 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/phone-number/types.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/phone-number/types.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-import type { GenericEndpointContext } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { Awaitable, GenericEndpointContext } from "@better-auth/core";
 import type { User } from "../../types";
-import type { Awaitable } from "../../types/helper";
 import type { InferOptionSchema } from "../../types/plugins";
 import type { schema } from "./schema";
 
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/two-factor/otp/index.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/two-factor/otp/index.ts
index 764a3f7da3..b989e009da 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/two-factor/otp/index.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/two-factor/otp/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { GenericEndpointContext } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { Awaitable, GenericEndpointContext } from "@better-auth/core";
 import { createAuthEndpoint } from "@better-auth/core/api";
 import { BASE_ERROR_CODES } from "@better-auth/core/error";
 import { APIError } from "better-call";
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export interface OTPOptions {
 				 * The request object
 				 */
 				ctx?: GenericEndpointContext,
-		  ) => Promise<void> | void)
+		  ) => Awaitable<void>)
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * The number of allowed attempts for the OTP
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/two-factor/types.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/two-factor/types.ts
index 92eb3762c1..076c5806bb 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/two-factor/types.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/plugins/two-factor/types.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-import type { BetterAuthPlugin } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { BetterAuthPlugin, LiteralString } from "@better-auth/core";
 import type { InferOptionSchema, User } from "../../types";
-import type { LiteralString } from "../../types/helper";
 import type { BackupCodeOptions } from "./backup-codes";
 import type { OTPOptions } from "./otp";
 import type { schema } from "./schema";
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/test-utils/test-instance.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/test-utils/test-instance.ts
index c94255ec2a..4280b75d3a 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/test-utils/test-instance.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/test-utils/test-instance.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { AsyncLocalStorage } from "node:async_hooks";
 import type {
+	Awaitable,
 	BetterAuthClientOptions,
 	BetterAuthOptions,
 } from "@better-auth/core";
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ export async function getTestInstance<
 		runWithUser: async (
 			email: string,
 			password: string,
-			fn: (headers: Headers) => Promise<void> | void,
+			fn: (headers: Headers) => Awaitable<void>,
 		) => {
 			const { headers } = await signInWithUser(email, password);
 			return currentUserContextStorage.run({ headers }, async () => {
diff --git a/packages/better-auth/src/types/helper.ts b/packages/better-auth/src/types/helper.ts
index bfea86bbaf..8321936125 100644
--- a/packages/better-auth/src/types/helper.ts
+++ b/packages/better-auth/src/types/helper.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,7 @@
-export type Primitive =
-	| string
-	| number
-	| symbol
-	| bigint
-	| boolean
-	| null
-	| undefined;
-export type LiteralString = "" | (string & Record<never, never>);
+import type { Primitive } from "@better-auth/core";
+
 export type LiteralNumber = 0 | (number & Record<never, never>);
 
-export type Awaitable<T> = Promise<T> | T;
 export type OmitId<T extends { id: unknown }> = Omit<T, "id">;
 
 export type Prettify<T> = Omit<T, never>;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/db/index.ts b/packages/core/src/db/index.ts
index 732c786c9c..cfe4062a90 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/db/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/db/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import type {
 	DBFieldAttribute,
 	DBFieldAttributeConfig,
 	DBFieldType,
-	DBPrimitive,
 } from "./type";
 
 export type { BetterAuthPluginDBSchema } from "./plugin";
@@ -41,10 +40,6 @@ export type FieldAttributeConfig = DBFieldAttributeConfig;
  * @deprecated Backport for 1.3.x, we will remove this in 1.4.x
  */
 export type FieldType = DBFieldType;
-/**
- * @deprecated Backport for 1.3.x, we will remove this in 1.4.x
- */
-export type Primitive = DBPrimitive;
 /**
  * @deprecated Backport for 1.3.x, we will remove this in 1.4.x
  */
diff --git a/packages/core/src/db/type.ts b/packages/core/src/db/type.ts
index be4b6f77df..7e51d373cc 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/db/type.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/db/type.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from "@standard-schema/spec";
-import type { LiteralString } from "../types";
+import type { Awaitable, LiteralString } from "../types";
 
 export type BaseModelNames = "user" | "account" | "session" | "verification";
 
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ export type DBFieldAttributeConfig = {
 	 */
 	transform?:
 		| {
-				input?: (value: DBPrimitive) => DBPrimitive | Promise<DBPrimitive>;
-				output?: (value: DBPrimitive) => DBPrimitive | Promise<DBPrimitive>;
+				input?: (value: DBPrimitive) => Awaitable<DBPrimitive>;
+				output?: (value: DBPrimitive) => Awaitable<DBPrimitive>;
 		  }
 		| undefined;
 	/**
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ export interface SecondaryStorage {
 	 * @param key - Key to get
 	 * @returns - Value of the key
 	 */
-	get: (key: string) => Promise<unknown> | unknown;
+	get: (key: string) => Awaitable<unknown>;
 	set: (
 		/**
 		 * Key to store
@@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ export interface SecondaryStorage {
 		 * Time to live in seconds
 		 */
 		ttl?: number | undefined,
-	) => Promise<void | null | unknown> | void;
+	) => Awaitable<void | null | unknown>;
 	/**
 	 *
 	 * @param key - Key to delete
 	 */
-	delete: (key: string) => Promise<void | null | string> | void;
+	delete: (key: string) => Awaitable<void | null | string>;
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/oauth2/oauth-provider.ts b/packages/core/src/oauth2/oauth-provider.ts
index 57f4a20518..36b246973c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/oauth2/oauth-provider.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/oauth2/oauth-provider.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { LiteralString } from "../types";
+import type { Awaitable, LiteralString } from "../types";
 
 export interface OAuth2Tokens {
 	tokenType?: string | undefined;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export interface OAuthProvider<
 		redirectURI: string;
 		display?: string | undefined;
 		loginHint?: string | undefined;
-	}) => Promise<URL> | URL;
+	}) => Awaitable<URL>;
 	name: string;
 	validateAuthorizationCode: (data: {
 		code: string;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/types/helper.ts b/packages/core/src/types/helper.ts
index 0544f6c8e0..80eb860585 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/types/helper.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/types/helper.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
-type Primitive = string | number | symbol | bigint | boolean | null | undefined;
+export type Primitive =
+	| string
+	| number
+	| symbol
+	| bigint
+	| boolean
+	| null
+	| undefined;
 
+export type Awaitable<T> = T | Promise<T>;
 export type LiteralString = "" | (string & Record<never, never>);
 export type LiteralUnion<LiteralType, BaseType extends Primitive> =
 	| LiteralType
diff --git a/packages/core/src/types/init-options.ts b/packages/core/src/types/init-options.ts
index 7a2d089829..6c61c325b5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/types/init-options.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/types/init-options.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import type { DBAdapterDebugLogOption, DBAdapterInstance } from "../db/adapter";
 import type { Logger } from "../env";
 import type { SocialProviderList, SocialProviders } from "../social-providers";
 import type { AuthContext, GenericEndpointContext } from "./context";
-import type { LiteralUnion } from "./helper";
+import type { Awaitable, LiteralUnion } from "./helper";
 import type { BetterAuthPlugin } from "./plugin";
 
 type KyselyDatabaseType = "postgres" | "mysql" | "sqlite" | "mssql";
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ export type BetterAuthOptions = {
 	 * List of trusted origins.
 	 */
 	trustedOrigins?:
-		| (string[] | ((request: Request) => string[] | Promise<string[]>))
+		| (string[] | ((request: Request) => Awaitable<string[]>))
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * Rate limiting configuration
diff --git a/packages/core/src/types/plugin.ts b/packages/core/src/types/plugin.ts
index 9c343d686a..aa300834fd 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/types/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/types/plugin.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ import type { Migration } from "kysely";
 import type { AuthMiddleware } from "../api";
 import type { BetterAuthPluginDBSchema } from "../db";
 import type { AuthContext } from "./context";
-import type { LiteralString } from "./helper";
+import type { Awaitable, LiteralString } from "./helper";
 import type { BetterAuthOptions } from "./init-options";
 
-type Awaitable<T> = T | Promise<T>;
 type DeepPartial<T> = T extends Function
 	? T
 	: T extends object
@@ -153,6 +152,6 @@ export type BetterAuthPlugin = {
 	 * This will override the default database operations
 	 */
 	adapter?: {
-		[key: string]: (...args: any[]) => Promise<any> | any;
+		[key: string]: (...args: any[]) => Awaitable<any>;
 	};
 };
diff --git a/packages/expo/src/plugins/last-login-method.ts b/packages/expo/src/plugins/last-login-method.ts
index 941ac36c2e..bf51b8758c 100644
--- a/packages/expo/src/plugins/last-login-method.ts
+++ b/packages/expo/src/plugins/last-login-method.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import type { BetterAuthClientPlugin } from "@better-auth/core";
+import type { Awaitable, BetterAuthClientPlugin } from "@better-auth/core";
 
 export interface LastLoginMethodClientConfig {
 	storage: {
 		setItem: (key: string, value: string) => any;
 		getItem: (key: string) => string | null;
-		deleteItemAsync: (key: string) => Promise<void>;
+		deleteItemAsync: (key: string) => Awaitable<void>;
 	};
 	/**
 	 * Prefix for local storage keys (e.g., "my-app_last_login_method")
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ export interface LastLoginMethodClientConfig {
 	 * Custom resolve method for retrieving the last login method
 	 */
 	customResolveMethod?:
-		| ((
-				url: string | URL,
-		  ) => Promise<string | undefined | null> | string | undefined | null)
+		| ((url: string | URL) => Awaitable<string | undefined | null>)
 		| undefined;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/sso/src/types.ts b/packages/sso/src/types.ts
index 9887d6ef33..d8c2ce4ef4 100644
--- a/packages/sso/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/sso/src/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { OAuth2Tokens, User } from "better-auth";
+import type { Awaitable, OAuth2Tokens, User } from "better-auth";
 import type { AuthnRequestStore } from "./authn-request-store";
 import type { AlgorithmValidationOptions } from "./saml/algorithms";
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ export interface SSOOptions {
 				 * The SSO provider
 				 */
 				provider: SSOProvider<SSOOptions>;
-		  }) => Promise<void>)
+		  }) => Awaitable<void>)
 		| undefined;
 	/**
 	 * Organization provisioning options
@@ -223,9 +223,7 @@ export interface SSOOptions {
 	 * ```
 	 * @default 10
 	 */
-	providersLimit?:
-		| (number | ((user: User) => Promise<number> | number))
-		| undefined;
+	providersLimit?: (number | ((user: User) => Awaitable<number>)) | undefined;
 	/**
 	 * Trust the email verified flag from the provider.
 	 *