Files
amILearningEnough/resources/operatingSystem/inputOutputSoftware/index.html
T
2026-03-06 20:45:12 +00:00

3546 lines
53 KiB
HTML

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<link rel="prev" href="../inputOutputHardware/">
<link rel="next" href="../inputOutputTechniques/">
<link rel="icon" href="../../../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.4">
<title>Input/Output Software - Am I Learning Enough</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../stylesheets/goatcounter.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
<script data-goatcounter="https://learningresource.goatcounter.com/count"
async src="//gc.zgo.at/count.js"></script>
</head>
<body dir="ltr">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
<a href="#io-software" class="md-skip">
Skip to content
</a>
</div>
<div data-md-component="announce">
</div>
<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="Header">
<a href="../../.." title="Am I Learning Enough" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Am I Learning Enough" data-md-component="logo">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg>
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Am I Learning Enough
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Input/Output Software
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="Search">
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="Clear" aria-label="Clear" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
Initializing search
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="Tabs" data-md-component="tabs">
<div class="md-grid">
<ul class="md-tabs__list">
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="../../.." class="md-tabs__link">
Home
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
<a href="../../assembly/asm/" class="md-tabs__link">
Resources
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="../../../roadmap/dsa/dsa/" class="md-tabs__link">
Roadmaps
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../../.." title="Am I Learning Enough" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Am I Learning Enough" data-md-component="logo">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg>
</a>
Am I Learning Enough
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../.." class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Home
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Resources
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Resources
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../assembly/asm/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Assembly
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_2" id="__nav_2_2_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cheatsheets
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Cheatsheets
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../cheatsheets/riscv-32bit/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
RISC-V 32-bit
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../computerArchitecture/compArch/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Computer Architecture
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Embedded Systems
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Embedded Systems
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../embedded/embedded-systems/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Embedded Development
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../embedded/rtos/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
RTOS Guide
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../networking/networking/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Networking
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_6" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_6" id="__nav_2_6_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Scientists
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Scientists
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../scientists/Keplers/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Kepler
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_7" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_7" id="__nav_2_7_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Database
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Database
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../database/research-papers/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Reading Papers
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_8" id="__nav_2_8_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cybersecurity
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Cybersecurity
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../cybersecurity/cybsec/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CybSec
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_9" id="__nav_2_9_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Linux
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Linux
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../linux/bpftrace-eBPF-tools/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
BPF Tools
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../linux/linux-networking-tools/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Networking Tools
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../linux/linux-perf-benchmark-tools/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Performance Tools
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../linux/linux-performace-tuning-tools/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Performance Tuning
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../linux/linux-static-performace-tools/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Static Performance Tools
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../linux/sed/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Sed
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../linux/unix-file-system-hierarachy/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File System Hierarchy
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_10" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_10" id="__nav_2_10_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Machine Learning
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Machine Learning
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../ml/underTheHoodOfNeuralNetwork/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Under The Hood of Neural Networks
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_11" checked>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_11" id="__nav_2_11_label" tabindex="">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Operating System
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_11_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Operating System
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Readme/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Overview
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cacheMemory/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cache Memory
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../conceptOfVirtualMem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Concept of Virtual Memory
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../contiguousMemAlloc/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Contiguous Memory Allocation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cpu/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CPU
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../diskFragmentation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Disk Fragmentation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../diskStructure/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Disk Structure
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../distributedSystems/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Distributed Systems
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../embeddedOS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Embedded OS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../fileSystemImplementation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File System Implementation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../fileSystem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File System
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../freeSpaceManagement/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Free Space Management
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../inputOutputHardware/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Input/Output Hardware
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Input/Output Software
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Input/Output Software
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#official-documentation" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Official Documentation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#research-papers" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Research Papers
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#additional-online-resources" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Additional Online Resources
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#books" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Books
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#for-deep-dive-into-implementation" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
For Deep Dive into Implementation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#standards" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Standards
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../inputOutputTechniques/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Input/Output Techniques
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interrupts/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Interrupts
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../kernelIOSubsystem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Kernel I/O Subsystem
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../layeredArchitecture/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Layered Architecture
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../logicalVsPhysicalAddresses/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Logical vs Physical Addresses
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../memoryMappedFiles/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Memory Mapped Files
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../microKernel/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Microkernel
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../monolithicKernel/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Monolithic Kernel
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../osDesignAndImplementation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
OS Design and Implementation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../pageReplacementAlgo/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Page Replacement Algorithms
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../paging/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Paging
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../processAndThreads/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Process and Threads
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../processManagementStructures/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Process Management Structures
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../processScheduling/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Process Scheduling
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../protectionInOS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Protection in OS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../realTimeOS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Real-time OS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../securityMechanism/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Security Mechanism
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../securityThreatsAndAttacks/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Security Threats and Attacks
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../segmentation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Segmentation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../softwareLayers/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Software Layers
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../systemCalls/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
System Calls
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../thrashing/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Thrashing
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../vonNeumannArchitecture/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Von Neumann Architecture
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Roadmaps
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Roadmaps
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_1" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_1" id="__nav_3_1_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DSA
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
DSA
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../roadmap/dsa/dsa/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Overview
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../roadmap/dsa/dsaUsingC/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DSA using C
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_2" id="__nav_3_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Machine Learning
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Machine Learning
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../roadmap/ml/neuralNetsWithC/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Neural Networks with C
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_3" id="__nav_3_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
OS Development
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
OS Development
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../roadmap/os-dev/knowC/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
With C
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../roadmap/os-dev/noC/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Without C
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_4" id="__nav_3_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Reverse Engineering
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Reverse Engineering
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../roadmap/reverse-engineering/reverse-engineering/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
RE
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_5" id="__nav_3_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
System Programming
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
System Programming
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../roadmap/system-programming/ultimate-roadmap/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
System Programming
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#official-documentation" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Official Documentation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#research-papers" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Research Papers
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#additional-online-resources" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Additional Online Resources
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#books" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Books
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#for-deep-dive-into-implementation" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
For Deep Dive into Implementation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#standards" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Standards
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="io-software">I/O Software</h1>
<h2 id="official-documentation">Official Documentation</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Linux Kernel Documentation on I/O</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/driver-api/index.html">Link</a></li>
<li><strong>Microsoft Docs on I/O Processing</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/kernel/i-o-processing">Link</a></li>
<li><strong>FreeBSD Handbook: Writing FreeBSD Device Drivers</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/developers-handbook/driverbasics/">Link</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="research-papers">Research Papers</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>"Persistent Memory I/O Primitives" by Jian Xu and Steven Swanson (2016)</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2954679.2872365">Link</a></li>
<li><strong>"Understanding Modern Storage APIs: A systematic study of libaio, SPDK, DAOS, and Intel DCL" by Manuel Sadowski et al. (2021)</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3458336.3465285">Link</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="additional-online-resources">Additional Online Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>IBM Knowledge Center on I/O Concepts and Programming</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/2.4.0?topic=programming-io-concepts">Link</a></li>
<li><strong>Oracle Documentation on Device Driver Interfaces</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/816-4854/6mb1gq3vh/index.html">Link</a></li>
<li><strong>SNIA Technical White Paper on NVMe Technology</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://www.snia.org/education/what-is-nvme">Link</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="books">Books</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>"Linux Device Drivers" by Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman</strong></li>
<li>ISBN: 9780596005900</li>
<li>
<p>Provides a comprehensive guide to writing device drivers for the Linux kernel.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>"Windows Internals, Part 1" by Pavel Yosifovich et al.</strong></p>
</li>
<li>ISBN: 9780735684188</li>
<li>
<p>Offers detailed information about Windows I/O system and driver model.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>"Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces" by Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau and Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau</strong></p>
</li>
<li>ISBN: 9781985086593</li>
<li>Includes chapters on I/O devices and I/O management in operating systems.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="for-deep-dive-into-implementation">For Deep Dive into Implementation</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>"Systems Programming in Unix/Linux" by K.C. Wang</strong></li>
<li>ISBN: 9783319924281</li>
<li>
<p>Covers system programming in Unix/Linux, including detailed discussions on I/O programming.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>"The Linux Programming Interface" by Michael Kerrisk</strong></p>
</li>
<li>ISBN: 9781593272203</li>
<li>Provides a comprehensive guide to Linux and UNIX system programming, including I/O operations.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="standards">Standards</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>POSIX.1-2017 (IEEE Std 1003.1-2017)</strong></li>
<li>This standard defines the interface between operating systems and applications, including I/O operations.</li>
<li>
<p>Not freely available, but it's an authoritative source on standardized I/O interfaces.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>ISO/IEC 9945:2009 - Information technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX®)</strong></p>
</li>
<li>This international standard is based on POSIX and includes specifications for I/O operations.</li>
<li>Not freely available, but useful for understanding standardized I/O interfaces.</li>
</ul>
<!-- GoatCounter Analytics Widget -->
<div class="md-content__inner md-typeset" style="margin-top: 2rem;">
<div class="goatcounter-stats" style="padding: 1.5rem; background: var(--md-code-bg-color); border-radius: 0.3rem; border-left: 4px solid var(--md-primary-fg-color);">
<div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 1rem;">
<h3 style="margin: 0; color: var(--md-default-fg-color);">📊 Analytics</h3>
<a href="https://learningresource.goatcounter.com"
target="_blank"
style="color: var(--md-primary-fg-color); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 500;">
View Dashboard →
</a>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0; color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light); font-size: 0.9rem;">
📈 This page is being tracked with GoatCounter.
<a href="https://learningresource.goatcounter.com" target="_blank" style="color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);">
Click here to view detailed analytics
</a> including page views, referrers, and visitor statistics.
</p>
<!-- Optional: Embed public stats if available -->
<div style="margin-top: 1rem;">
<details style="cursor: pointer;">
<summary style="color: var(--md-primary-fg-color); font-weight: 500;">Show Public Statistics</summary>
<div style="margin-top: 1rem; padding: 1rem; background: var(--md-default-bg-color); border-radius: 0.2rem;">
<iframe src="https://learningresource.goatcounter.com/counter/resources/operatingSystem/inputOutputSoftware/.svg"
style="border: none; width: 100%; height: 40px;"
title="GoatCounter Statistics"></iframe>
<small style="display: block; margin-top: 0.5rem; color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light);">
Live view counter for this page
</small>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script>
</div>
</main>
<footer class="md-footer">
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-copyright">
Made with
<a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
Material for MkDocs
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div>
</div>
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"annotate": null, "base": "../../..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.sections", "navigation.expand", "navigation.indexes", "toc.follow", "search.suggest", "search.highlight"], "search": "../../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.2c215733.min.js", "tags": null, "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}, "version": null}</script>
<script src="../../../assets/javascripts/bundle.79ae519e.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://gc.zgo.at/count.js"></script>
</body>
</html>