mirror of
https://github.com/MLSysBook/TinyTorch.git
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96880b3133
Re-exported all modules after restructuring: - Updated _modidx.py with new module locations - Removed outdated autogeneration headers - Updated all core modules (tensor, autograd, layers, etc.) - Updated optimization modules (quantization, compression, etc.) - Updated TITO commands for new structure Changes include: - 24 tinytorch/ module files - 24 tito/ command and core files - Updated references from modules/source/ to modules/ All modules re-exported via nbdev from their new locations.
465 lines
16 KiB
Python
Generated
465 lines
16 KiB
Python
Generated
# AUTOGENERATED! DO NOT EDIT! File to edit: ../../modules/source/13_transformers/transformers_dev.ipynb.
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# %% auto 0
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__all__ = ['LayerNorm', 'MLP', 'TransformerBlock', 'GPT']
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# %% ../../modules/source/13_transformers/transformers_dev.ipynb 2
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import numpy as np
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from ..core.tensor import Tensor
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from ..core.layers import Linear
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from ..core.attention import MultiHeadAttention
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from ..core.activations import GELU
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# %% ../../modules/source/13_transformers/transformers_dev.ipynb 9
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class LayerNorm:
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"""
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Layer Normalization for transformer blocks.
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Normalizes across the feature dimension (last axis) for each sample independently,
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unlike batch normalization which normalizes across the batch dimension.
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"""
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def __init__(self, normalized_shape, eps=1e-5):
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"""
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Initialize LayerNorm with learnable parameters.
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TODO: Set up normalization parameters
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APPROACH:
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1. Store the shape to normalize over (usually embed_dim)
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2. Initialize learnable scale (gamma) and shift (beta) parameters
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3. Set small epsilon for numerical stability
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EXAMPLE:
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>>> ln = LayerNorm(512) # For 512-dimensional embeddings
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>>> x = Tensor(np.random.randn(2, 10, 512)) # (batch, seq, features)
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>>> normalized = ln.forward(x)
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>>> # Each (2, 10) sample normalized independently across 512 features
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HINTS:
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- gamma should start at 1.0 (identity scaling)
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- beta should start at 0.0 (no shift)
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- eps prevents division by zero in variance calculation
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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self.normalized_shape = normalized_shape
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self.eps = eps
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# Learnable parameters: scale and shift
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# CRITICAL: requires_grad=True so optimizer can train these!
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self.gamma = Tensor(np.ones(normalized_shape), requires_grad=True) # Scale parameter
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self.beta = Tensor(np.zeros(normalized_shape), requires_grad=True) # Shift parameter
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### END SOLUTION
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def forward(self, x):
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"""
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Apply layer normalization.
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TODO: Implement layer normalization formula
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APPROACH:
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1. Compute mean and variance across the last dimension
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2. Normalize: (x - mean) / sqrt(variance + eps)
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3. Apply learnable scale and shift: gamma * normalized + beta
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MATHEMATICAL FORMULA:
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y = (x - μ) / σ * γ + β
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where μ = mean(x), σ = sqrt(var(x) + ε)
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HINT: Use keepdims=True to maintain tensor dimensions for broadcasting
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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# CRITICAL: Use Tensor operations (not .data) to maintain gradient flow!
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# Compute statistics across last dimension (features)
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mean = x.mean(axis=-1, keepdims=True)
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# Compute variance: E[(x - μ)²]
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diff = x - mean # Tensor subtraction maintains gradient
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variance = (diff * diff).mean(axis=-1, keepdims=True) # Tensor ops maintain gradient
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# Normalize: (x - mean) / sqrt(variance + eps)
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# Note: sqrt and division need to preserve gradient flow
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std_data = np.sqrt(variance.data + self.eps)
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normalized = diff * Tensor(1.0 / std_data) # Scale by reciprocal to maintain gradient
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# Apply learnable transformation
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output = normalized * self.gamma + self.beta
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return output
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### END SOLUTION
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def __call__(self, x):
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"""Allows the layer to be called like a function."""
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return self.forward(x)
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def parameters(self):
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"""Return learnable parameters."""
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return [self.gamma, self.beta]
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# %% ../../modules/source/13_transformers/transformers_dev.ipynb 13
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class MLP:
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"""
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Multi-Layer Perceptron (Feed-Forward Network) for transformer blocks.
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Standard pattern: Linear -> GELU -> Linear with expansion ratio of 4:1.
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This provides the non-linear transformation in each transformer block.
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"""
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def __init__(self, embed_dim, hidden_dim=None, dropout_prob=0.1):
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"""
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Initialize MLP with two linear layers.
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TODO: Set up the feed-forward network layers
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APPROACH:
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1. First layer expands from embed_dim to hidden_dim (usually 4x larger)
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2. Second layer projects back to embed_dim
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3. Use GELU activation (smoother than ReLU, preferred in transformers)
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EXAMPLE:
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>>> mlp = MLP(512) # Will create 512 -> 2048 -> 512 network
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>>> x = Tensor(np.random.randn(2, 10, 512))
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>>> output = mlp.forward(x)
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>>> assert output.shape == (2, 10, 512)
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HINT: Standard transformer MLP uses 4x expansion (hidden_dim = 4 * embed_dim)
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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if hidden_dim is None:
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hidden_dim = 4 * embed_dim # Standard 4x expansion
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self.embed_dim = embed_dim
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self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim
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# Two-layer feed-forward network
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self.linear1 = Linear(embed_dim, hidden_dim)
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self.gelu = GELU()
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self.linear2 = Linear(hidden_dim, embed_dim)
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### END SOLUTION
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def forward(self, x):
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"""
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Forward pass through MLP.
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TODO: Implement the feed-forward computation
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APPROACH:
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1. First linear transformation: embed_dim -> hidden_dim
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2. Apply GELU activation (smooth, differentiable)
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3. Second linear transformation: hidden_dim -> embed_dim
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COMPUTATION FLOW:
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x -> Linear -> GELU -> Linear -> output
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HINT: GELU activation is implemented above as a function
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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# First linear layer with expansion
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hidden = self.linear1.forward(x)
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# GELU activation
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hidden = self.gelu.forward(hidden)
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# Second linear layer back to original size
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output = self.linear2.forward(hidden)
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return output
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### END SOLUTION
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def __call__(self, x):
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"""Allows the MLP to be called like a function."""
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return self.forward(x)
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def parameters(self):
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"""Return all learnable parameters."""
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params = []
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params.extend(self.linear1.parameters())
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params.extend(self.linear2.parameters())
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return params
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# %% ../../modules/source/13_transformers/transformers_dev.ipynb 17
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class TransformerBlock:
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"""
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Complete Transformer Block with self-attention, MLP, and residual connections.
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This is the core building block of GPT and other transformer models.
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Each block processes the input sequence and passes it to the next block.
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"""
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def __init__(self, embed_dim, num_heads, mlp_ratio=4, dropout_prob=0.1):
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"""
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Initialize a complete transformer block.
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TODO: Set up all components of the transformer block
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APPROACH:
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1. Multi-head self-attention for sequence modeling
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2. First layer normalization (pre-norm architecture)
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3. MLP with specified expansion ratio
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4. Second layer normalization
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TRANSFORMER BLOCK ARCHITECTURE:
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x → LayerNorm → MultiHeadAttention → + (residual) →
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LayerNorm → MLP → + (residual) → output
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EXAMPLE:
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>>> block = TransformerBlock(embed_dim=512, num_heads=8)
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>>> x = Tensor(np.random.randn(2, 10, 512)) # (batch, seq, embed)
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>>> output = block.forward(x)
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>>> assert output.shape == (2, 10, 512)
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HINT: We use pre-norm architecture (LayerNorm before attention/MLP)
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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self.embed_dim = embed_dim
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self.num_heads = num_heads
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# Multi-head self-attention
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self.attention = MultiHeadAttention(embed_dim, num_heads)
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# Layer normalizations (pre-norm architecture)
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self.ln1 = LayerNorm(embed_dim) # Before attention
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self.ln2 = LayerNorm(embed_dim) # Before MLP
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# Feed-forward network
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hidden_dim = int(embed_dim * mlp_ratio)
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self.mlp = MLP(embed_dim, hidden_dim)
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### END SOLUTION
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def forward(self, x, mask=None):
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"""
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Forward pass through transformer block.
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TODO: Implement the complete transformer block computation
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APPROACH:
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1. Apply layer norm, then self-attention, then add residual
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2. Apply layer norm, then MLP, then add residual
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3. Return the transformed sequence
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COMPUTATION FLOW:
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x → ln1 → attention → + x → ln2 → mlp → + → output
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RESIDUAL CONNECTIONS:
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These are crucial for training deep networks - they allow gradients
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to flow directly through the network during backpropagation.
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HINT: Store intermediate results to add residual connections properly
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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# First sub-layer: Multi-head self-attention with residual connection
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# Pre-norm: LayerNorm before attention
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normed1 = self.ln1.forward(x)
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# Self-attention: query, key, value are all the same (normed1)
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attention_out = self.attention.forward(normed1, mask)
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# Residual connection
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x = x + attention_out
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# Second sub-layer: MLP with residual connection
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# Pre-norm: LayerNorm before MLP
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normed2 = self.ln2.forward(x)
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mlp_out = self.mlp.forward(normed2)
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# Residual connection
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output = x + mlp_out
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return output
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### END SOLUTION
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def __call__(self, x, mask=None):
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"""Allows the transformer block to be called like a function."""
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return self.forward(x, mask)
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def parameters(self):
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"""Return all learnable parameters."""
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params = []
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params.extend(self.attention.parameters())
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params.extend(self.ln1.parameters())
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params.extend(self.ln2.parameters())
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params.extend(self.mlp.parameters())
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return params
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# %% ../../modules/source/13_transformers/transformers_dev.ipynb 21
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class GPT:
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"""
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Complete GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) model.
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This combines embeddings, positional encoding, multiple transformer blocks,
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and a language modeling head for text generation.
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"""
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def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_dim, num_layers, num_heads, max_seq_len=1024):
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"""
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Initialize complete GPT model.
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TODO: Set up all components of the GPT architecture
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APPROACH:
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1. Token embedding layer to convert tokens to vectors
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2. Positional embedding to add position information
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3. Stack of transformer blocks (the main computation)
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4. Final layer norm and language modeling head
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GPT ARCHITECTURE:
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tokens → embedding → + pos_embedding →
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transformer_blocks → layer_norm → lm_head → logits
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EXAMPLE:
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>>> model = GPT(vocab_size=1000, embed_dim=256, num_layers=6, num_heads=8)
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>>> tokens = Tensor(np.random.randint(0, 1000, (2, 10))) # (batch, seq)
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>>> logits = model.forward(tokens)
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>>> assert logits.shape == (2, 10, 1000) # (batch, seq, vocab)
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HINTS:
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- Positional embeddings are learned, not fixed sinusoidal
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- Final layer norm stabilizes training
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- Language modeling head shares weights with token embedding (tie_weights)
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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self.vocab_size = vocab_size
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self.embed_dim = embed_dim
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self.num_layers = num_layers
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self.num_heads = num_heads
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self.max_seq_len = max_seq_len
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# Token and positional embeddings
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self.token_embedding = Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim)
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self.position_embedding = Embedding(max_seq_len, embed_dim)
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# Stack of transformer blocks
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self.blocks = []
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for _ in range(num_layers):
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block = TransformerBlock(embed_dim, num_heads)
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self.blocks.append(block)
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# Final layer normalization
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self.ln_f = LayerNorm(embed_dim)
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# Language modeling head (projects to vocabulary)
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self.lm_head = Linear(embed_dim, vocab_size, bias=False)
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### END SOLUTION
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def forward(self, tokens):
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"""
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Forward pass through GPT model.
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TODO: Implement the complete GPT forward pass
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APPROACH:
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1. Get token embeddings and positional embeddings
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2. Add them together (broadcasting handles different shapes)
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3. Pass through all transformer blocks sequentially
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4. Apply final layer norm and language modeling head
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COMPUTATION FLOW:
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tokens → embed + pos_embed → blocks → ln_f → lm_head → logits
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CAUSAL MASKING:
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For autoregressive generation, we need to prevent tokens from
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seeing future tokens. This is handled by the attention mask.
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HINT: Create position indices as range(seq_len) for positional embedding
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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batch_size, seq_len = tokens.shape
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# Token embeddings
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token_emb = self.token_embedding.forward(tokens)
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# Positional embeddings
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positions = Tensor(np.arange(seq_len).reshape(1, seq_len))
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pos_emb = self.position_embedding.forward(positions)
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# Combine embeddings
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x = token_emb + pos_emb
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# Create causal mask for autoregressive generation
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mask = self._create_causal_mask(seq_len)
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# Pass through transformer blocks
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for block in self.blocks:
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x = block.forward(x, mask)
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# Final layer normalization
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x = self.ln_f.forward(x)
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# Language modeling head
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logits = self.lm_head.forward(x)
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return logits
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### END SOLUTION
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def _create_causal_mask(self, seq_len):
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"""Create causal mask to prevent attending to future positions."""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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# Upper triangular matrix filled with -inf
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mask = np.triu(np.ones((seq_len, seq_len)) * -np.inf, k=1)
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return Tensor(mask)
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### END SOLUTION
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def generate(self, prompt_tokens, max_new_tokens=50, temperature=1.0):
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"""
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Generate text autoregressively.
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TODO: Implement autoregressive text generation
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APPROACH:
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1. Start with prompt tokens
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2. For each new position:
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- Run forward pass to get logits
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- Sample next token from logits
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- Append to sequence
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3. Return generated sequence
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AUTOREGRESSIVE GENERATION:
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At each step, the model predicts the next token based on all
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previous tokens. This is how GPT generates coherent text.
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EXAMPLE:
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>>> model = GPT(vocab_size=100, embed_dim=64, num_layers=2, num_heads=4)
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>>> prompt = Tensor([[1, 2, 3]]) # Some token sequence
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>>> generated = model.generate(prompt, max_new_tokens=5)
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>>> assert generated.shape[1] == 3 + 5 # original + new tokens
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HINT: Use np.random.choice with temperature for sampling
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"""
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### BEGIN SOLUTION
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current_tokens = Tensor(prompt_tokens.data.copy())
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for _ in range(max_new_tokens):
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# Get logits for current sequence
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logits = self.forward(current_tokens)
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# Get logits for last position (next token prediction)
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last_logits = logits.data[:, -1, :] # (batch_size, vocab_size)
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# Apply temperature scaling
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scaled_logits = last_logits / temperature
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# Convert to probabilities (softmax)
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exp_logits = np.exp(scaled_logits - np.max(scaled_logits, axis=-1, keepdims=True))
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probs = exp_logits / np.sum(exp_logits, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
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# Sample next token
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next_token = np.array([[np.random.choice(self.vocab_size, p=probs[0])]])
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# Append to sequence
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current_tokens = Tensor(np.concatenate([current_tokens.data, next_token], axis=1))
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return current_tokens
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### END SOLUTION
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def parameters(self):
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"""Return all learnable parameters."""
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params = []
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params.extend(self.token_embedding.parameters())
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params.extend(self.position_embedding.parameters())
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for block in self.blocks:
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params.extend(block.parameters())
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params.extend(self.ln_f.parameters())
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params.extend(self.lm_head.parameters())
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return params
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