Evan Hunt
1d761cb453
3741. [func] "delve" (domain entity lookup and validation engine): A new tool with dig-like semantics for performing DNS lookups, with internal DNSSEC validation, using the same resolver and validator logic as named. This allows easy validation of DNSSEC data in environments with untrustworthy resolvers, and assists with troubleshooting of DNSSEC problems. (Note: not yet available on win32.) [RT #32406]
446 lines
21 KiB
HTML
446 lines
21 KiB
HTML
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- Copyright (C) 2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<title>delve</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
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<a name="man.delve"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
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<div class="refnamediv">
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<h2>Name</h2>
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<p>delve — DNS lookup and validation utility</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
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<h2>Synopsis</h2>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delve</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>anchor-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i</code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delve</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">delve</code> [queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2543478"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p><span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span>
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(Domain Entity Lookup & Validation Engine) is a tool for sending
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DNS queries and validating the results, using the the same internal
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resolver and validator logic as <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.
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</p>
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<p>
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> will send to a specified name server all
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queries needed to fetch and validate the requested data; this
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includes the original requested query, subsequent queries to follow
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CNAME or DNAME chains, and queries for DNSKEY, DS and DLV records
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to establish a chain of trust for DNSSEC validation.
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It does not perform iterative resolution, but simulates the
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behavior of a name server configured for DNSSEC validating and
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forwarding.
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</p>
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<p>
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By default, responses are validated using built-in DNSSEC trust
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anchors for the root zone (".") and for the ISC DNSSEC lookaside
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validation zone ("dlv.isc.org"). Records returned by
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> are either fully validated or
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were not signed. If validation fails, an explanation of
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the failure is included in the output; the validation process
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can be traced in detail. Because <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> does
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not rely on an external server to carry out validation, it can
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be used to check the validity of DNS responses in environments
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where local name servers may not be trustworthy.
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</p>
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<p>
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Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in
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<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server
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addresses are found, <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> will send
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queries to the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 for IPv4, ::1
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for IPv6).
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</p>
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<p>
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When no command line arguments or options are given,
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "."
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(the root zone).
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2543531"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
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<p>
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A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> looks like:
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting"> delve @server name type </pre>
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<p>
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where:
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
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can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
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address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
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<em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname,
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> resolves that name before
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querying that name server (note, however, that this
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initial lookup is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> validated
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by DNSSEC).
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</p>
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<p>
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If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is
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provided, <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> consults
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<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an
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address is found there, it queries the name server at
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that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or
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<code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then
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only addresses for the corresponding transport
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will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> will send queries to
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the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 for IPv4,
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::1 for IPv6).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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is the domain name to be looked up.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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indicates what type of query is required —
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ANY, A, MX, etc.
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
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type. If no
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
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A record.
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</p></dd>
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</dl></div>
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<p>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2543640"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl>
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<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Specifies a file from which to read DNSSEC trust anchors.
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The default is <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code>, which
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is included with <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 and contains
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trust anchors for the root zone (".") and for the ISC
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DNSSEC lookaside validation zone ("dlv.isc.org").
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</p>
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<p>
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Keys that do not match the root or DLV trust-anchor
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names are ignored; these key names can be overridden
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using the <code class="option">+dlv=NAME</code> or
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<code class="option">+root=NAME</code> options.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note: When reading the trust anchor file,
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> treats <code class="option">managed-keys</code>
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statements and <code class="option">trusted-keys</code> statements
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identically. That is, for a managed key, it is the
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<span class="emphasis"><em>initial</em></span> key that is trusted; RFC 5011
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key management is not supported. <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span>
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will not consult the managed-keys database maintained by
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<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. This means that if either of the
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keys in <code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code> is revoked
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and rolled over, it will be necessary to update
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<code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code> to use DNSSEC
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validation in <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-b</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Sets the source IP address of the query to
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<em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid address
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on one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::".
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An optional source port may be specified by appending
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"#<port>"
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-c</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Sets the query class for the requested data. Currently,
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only class "IN" is supported in <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span>
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and any other value is ignored.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Insecure mode. This disables internal DNSSEC validation.
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(Note, however, this does not set the CD bit on upstream
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queries. If the server being queried is performing DNSSEC
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validation, then it will not return invalid data; this
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can cause <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> to time out. When it
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is necessary to examine invalid data to debug a DNSSEC
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problem, use <span><strong class="command">dig +cd</strong></span>.)
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-m</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Enables memory usage debugging.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-p</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Specifies a destination port to use for queries instead of
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the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
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with a name server that has been configured to listen
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for queries on a non-standard port number.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Forces <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> to only use IPv4.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Forces <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> to only use IPv6.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-q</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Sets the query name to <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>.
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While the query name can be specified without using the
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<code class="option">-q</code>, it is sometimes necessary to disambiguate
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names from types or classes (for example, when looking up the
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name "ns", which could be misinterpreted as the type NS,
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or "ch", which could be misinterpreted as class CH).
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-t</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Sets the query type to <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>, which
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can be any valid query type supported in BIND 9 except
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for zone transfer types AXFR and IXFR. As with
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<code class="option">-q</code>, this is useful to distinguish
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query name type or class when they are ambiguous.
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it is sometimes necessary to disambiguate names from types.
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</p>
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<p>
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The default query type is "A", unless the <code class="option">-x</code>
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option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup, in which case
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it is "PTR".
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-x</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Performs a reverse lookup, mapping an addresses to
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a name. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is an IPv4 address in
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dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
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When <code class="option">-x</code> is used, there is no need to provide
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the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> or <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
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arguments. <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> automatically performs a
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lookup for a name like <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code>
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and sets the query type to PTR. IPv6 addresses are looked up
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using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
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</p></dd>
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</dl></div>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2544042"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
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<p><span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span>
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provides a number of query options which affect the way results are
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displayed, and in some cases the way lookups are performed.
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</p>
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<p>
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Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
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(<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
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option. These may be preceded by the string
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<code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of that keyword.
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Other keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval.
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They have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
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The query options are:
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Controls whether to set the CD (checking disabled) bit in
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queries sent by <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span>. This may be useful
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when troubleshooting DNSSEC problems from behind a validating
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resolver. A validating resolver will block invalid responses,
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making it difficult to retrieve them for analysis. Setting
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the CD flag on queries will cause the resolver to return
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invalid responses, which <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> can then
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validate internally and report the errors in detail.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]class</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Controls whether to display the CLASS when printing
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a record. The default is to display the CLASS.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttl</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Controls whether to display the TTL when printing
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a record. The default is to display the TTL.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rtrace</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Toggle resolver fetch logging. This reports the
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name and type of each query sent by <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span>
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in the process of carrying out the resolution and validation
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process: this includes including the original query and
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all subsequent queries to follow CNAMEs and to establish a
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chain of trust for DNSSEC validation.
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</p>
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<p>
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This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 1 in
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the "resolver" logging category. Setting the systemwide
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debug level to 1 using the <code class="option">-d</code> option will
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product the same output (but will affect other logging
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categories as well).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]mtrace</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Toggle message logging. This produces a detailed dump of
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the responses received by <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> in the
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process of carrying out the resolution and validation process.
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</p>
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<p>
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This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 10
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for the the "packets" module of the "resolver" logging
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category. Setting the systemwide debug level to 10 using
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the <code class="option">-d</code> option will produce the same output
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(but will affect other logging categories as well).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vtrace</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Toggle validation logging. This shows the internal
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process of the validator as it determines whether an
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answer is validly signed, unsigned, or invalid.
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</p>
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<p>
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This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 3
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for the the "validator" module of the "dnssec" logging
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category. Setting the systemwide debug level to 3 using
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the <code class="option">-d</code> option will produce the same output
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(but will affect other logging categories as well).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
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verbose form.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
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is to print comments.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Toggle the display of per-record comments in the output (for
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example, human-readable key information about DNSKEY records).
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The default is to print per-record comments.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC records.
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The contents of these field are unnecessary to debug most DNSSEC
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validation failures and removing them makes it easier to see
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the common failures. The default is to display the fields.
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When omitted they are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or
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in the DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
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e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trust</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Controls whether to display the trust level when printing
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a record. The default is to display the trust level.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]split[=W]</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
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records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> characters
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(where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded up to the nearest
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multiple of 4).
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<em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or
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<em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to be
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split at all. The default is 56 characters, or 44 characters
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when multiline mode is active.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Set or clear the display options
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<code class="option">+[no]comments</code>,
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<code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code>, and
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<code class="option">+[no]trust</code> as a group.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Print long records (such as RRSIG, DNSKEY, and SOA records)
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in a verbose multi-line format with human-readable comments.
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The default is to print each record on a single line, to
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facilitate machine parsing of the <span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span>
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output.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Indicates whether to display RRSIG records in the
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<span><strong class="command">delve</strong></span> output. The default is to
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do so. Note that (unlike in <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>)
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this does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> control whether to
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request DNSSEC records or whether to validate them.
|
|
DNSSEC records are always requested, and validation
|
|
will always occur unless suppressed by the use of
|
|
<code class="option">-i</code> or <code class="option">+noroot</code> and
|
|
<code class="option">+nodlv</code>.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]root[=ROOT]</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
Indicates whether to perform conventional (non-
|
|
lookaside) DNSSEC validation, and if so, specifies the
|
|
name of a trust anchor. The default is to validate using
|
|
a trust anchor of "." (the root zone), for which there is
|
|
a built-in key. If specifying a different trust anchor,
|
|
then <code class="option">-a</code> must be used to specify a file
|
|
containing the key.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dlv[=DLV]</code></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
Indicates whether to perform DNSSEC lookaside validation,
|
|
and if so, specifies the name of the DLV trust anchor.
|
|
The default is to perform lookaside validation using
|
|
a trust anchor of "dlv.isc.org", for which there is a
|
|
built-in key. If specifying a different name, then
|
|
<code class="option">-a</code> must be used to specify a file
|
|
containing the DLV key.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
|
<a name="id2544529"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
|
|
<p><code class="filename">/etc/bind.keys</code></p>
|
|
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
|
<a name="id2544544"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)</span>,
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC4034</em>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC4035</em>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC4431</em>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC5074</em>,
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC5155</em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div></body>
|
|
</html>
|