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<div><h1 class="title">
<a name="id-1"></a>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</h1></div>
<div><p class="releaseinfo">BIND Version 9.12.0-pre-alpha</p></div>
<div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000-2017 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</p></div>
</div>
<hr>
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<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl class="toc">
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html">1. Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#doc_scope">Scope of Document</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#organization">Organization of This Document</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#conventions">Conventions Used in This Document</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#dns_overview">The Domain Name System (<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#dns_fundamentals">DNS Fundamentals</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#domain_names">Domains and Domain Names</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#zones">Zones</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#auth_servers">Authoritative Name Servers</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#cache_servers">Caching Name Servers</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#multi_role">Name Servers in Multiple Roles</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html">2. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Resource Requirements</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#hw_req">Hardware requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#cpu_req">CPU Requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#mem_req">Memory Requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#intensive_env">Name Server Intensive Environment Issues</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#supported_os">Supported Operating Systems</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html">3. Name Server Configuration</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#sample_configuration">Sample Configurations</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#cache_only_sample">A Caching-only Name Server</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#auth_only_sample">An Authoritative-only Name Server</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#load_balancing">Load Balancing</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#ns_operations">Name Server Operations</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#tools">Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#signals">Signals</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html">4. Advanced DNS Features</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify">Notify</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update">Dynamic Update</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal">The journal file</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#split_dns">Split DNS</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#split_dns_sample">Example split DNS setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig">TSIG</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.5">Generating a Shared Key</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.6">Loading A New Key</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.7">Instructing the Server to Use a Key</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.8">TSIG-Based Access Control</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.9">Errors</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tkey">TKEY</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#sig0">SIG(0)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC">DNSSEC</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec_keys">Generating Keys</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec_signing">Signing the Zone</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec_config">Configuring Servers</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec.dynamic.zones">DNSSEC, Dynamic Zones, and Automatic Signing</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.3">Converting from insecure to secure</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.8">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.16">Fully automatic zone signing</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.25">Private-type records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.32">DNSKEY rollovers</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.34">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.39">Automatic key rollovers</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.41">NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.43">Converting from NSEC to NSEC3</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.45">Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.47">Converting from secure to insecure</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.51">Periodic re-signing</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.53">NSEC3 and OPTOUT</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#rfc5011.support">Dynamic Trust Anchor Management</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.11.3">Validating Resolver</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.11.4">Authoritative Server</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#pkcs11">PKCS#11 (Cryptoki) support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.6">Prerequisites</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.7">Native PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.8">OpenSSL-based PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.9">PKCS#11 Tools</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.10">Using the HSM</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.11">Specifying the engine on the command line</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.12">Running named with automatic zone re-signing</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dlz-info">DLZ (Dynamically Loadable Zones)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.13.6">Configuring DLZ</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.13.7">Sample DLZ Driver</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dyndb-info">DynDB (Dynamic Database)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.14.5">Configuring DynDB</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.14.6">Sample DynDB Module</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#catz-info">Catalog Zones</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.15.4">Principle of Operation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.15.5">Configuring Catalog Zones</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.15.6">Catalog Zone format</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#ipv6">IPv6 Support in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.16.6">Address Lookups Using AAAA Records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.16.7">Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">5. The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lightweight_resolver">The Lightweight Resolver Library</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html">6. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#comment_syntax">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_statement"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_statement"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_statement"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_statement"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_channels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted_keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed_keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_file">Zone File</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#mx_records">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#ipv4_reverse">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_directives">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#generate_directive"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile">The Statistics File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">7. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#Access_Control_Lists">Access Control Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#chroot_and_setuid"><span class="command"><strong>Chroot</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#chroot">The <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#setuid">Using the <span class="command"><strong>setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security">Dynamic Update Security</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#common_problems">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.9.2.2">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.9.3">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#more_help">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html">A. Release Notes</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id-1.10.2">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.12.0-pre-alpha</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_license">License Change</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#win_support">Windows XP No Longer Supported</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#proto_changes">Protocol Changes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#end_of_life">End of Life</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">B. A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html">C. General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#more_about_bind">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html">D. BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.4">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.5">Compilation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.6">Installation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.7">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.8">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.9">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.10">Library References</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="reference"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">I. Manual pages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dig.html">dig</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.mdig.html"><span class="application">mdig</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS pipelined lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.host.html">host</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.delv.html">delv</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup and validation utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nslookup.html">nslookup</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; query Internet name servers interactively</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-checkds.html"><span class="application">dnssec-checkds</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC delegation consistency checking tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-coverage.html"><span class="application">dnssec-coverage</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; checks future DNSKEY coverage for a zone</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-dsfromkey.html"><span class="application">dnssec-dsfromkey</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC DS RR generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-importkey.html"><span class="application">dnssec-importkey</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; import DNSKEY records from external systems so they can be managed</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keyfromlabel.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keyfromlabel</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keymgr.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keymgr</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Ensures correct DNSKEY coverage for a zone based on a defined policy</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-revoke.html"><span class="application">dnssec-revoke</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; set the REVOKED bit on a DNSSEC key</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-settime.html"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; set the key timing metadata for a DNSSEC key</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-signzone.html"><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC zone signing tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-verify.html"><span class="application">dnssec-verify</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC zone verification tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named.html"><span class="application">named</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Internet domain name server</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named.conf.html"><code class="filename">named.conf</code></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; configuration file for <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-checkconf.html"><span class="application">named-checkconf</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; named configuration file syntax checking tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-checkzone.html"><span class="application">named-checkzone</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; zone file validity checking or converting tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-journalprint.html"><span class="application">named-journalprint</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; print zone journal in human-readable form</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-nzd2nzf.html"><span class="application">named-nzd2nzf</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212;
Convert an NZD database to NZF text format
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-rrchecker.html"><span class="application">named-rrchecker</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; syntax checker for individual DNS resource records</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nsupdate.html"><span class="application">nsupdate</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Dynamic DNS update utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc.html"><span class="application">rndc</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; name server control utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc.conf.html"><code class="filename">rndc.conf</code></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; rndc configuration file</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc-confgen.html"><span class="application">rndc-confgen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; rndc key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.ddns-confgen.html"><span class="application">ddns-confgen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; ddns key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.arpaname.html"><span class="application">arpaname</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; translate IP addresses to the corresponding ARPA names</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnstap-read.html"><span class="application">dnstap-read</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; print dnstap data in human-readable form</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.genrandom.html"><span class="application">genrandom</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate a file containing random data</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.isc-hmac-fixup.html"><span class="application">isc-hmac-fixup</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; fixes HMAC keys generated by older versions of BIND</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nsec3hash.html"><span class="application">nsec3hash</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate NSEC3 hash</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-destroy.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-destroy</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; destroy PKCS#11 objects</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-list.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-list</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; list PKCS#11 objects</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-keygen.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-keygen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate keys on a PKCS#11 device</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-tokens.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-tokens</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; list PKCS#11 available tokens</span>
</dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left"> </td>
<td width="20%" align="center"> </td>
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> </td>
<td width="20%" align="center"> </td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 1. Introduction</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.12.0-pre-alpha</p>
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<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="id-1.2"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.12.0-pre-alpha</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND 9.12.0 is a new feature release of BIND, still under development.
This document summarizes new features and functional changes that
have been introduced on this branch. With each development
release leading up to the final BIND 9.12.0 release, this document
will be updated with additional features added and bugs fixed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_download"></a>Download</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/downloads/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/downloads/</a>.
There you will find additional information about each release,
source code, and pre-compiled versions for Microsoft Windows
operating systems.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_license"></a>License Change</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
With the release of BIND 9.11.0, ISC changed to the open
source license for BIND from the ISC license to the Mozilla
Public License (MPL 2.0).
</p>
<p>
The MPL-2.0 license requires that if you make changes to
licensed software (e.g. BIND) and distribute them outside
your organization, that you publish those changes under that
same license. It does not require that you publish or disclose
anything other than the changes you made to our software.
</p>
<p>
This requirement will not affect anyone who is using BIND
without redistributing it, nor anyone redistributing it without
changes, therefore this change will be without consequence
for most individuals and organizations who are using BIND.
</p>
<p>
Those unsure whether or not the license change affects their
use of BIND, or who wish to discuss how to comply with the
license may contact ISC at <a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/mission/contact/" target="_top">
https://www.isc.org/mission/contact/</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="win_support"></a>Windows XP No Longer Supported</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
As of BIND 9.11.2, Windows XP is no longer a supported platform for
BIND, and Windows XP binaries are no longer available for download
from ISC.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_security"></a>Security Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
None.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_features"></a>New Features</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Many aspects of <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> have been modified
to improve query performance, and in particular, performance
for delegation-heavy zones:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The additional cache ("acache") was found not to
significantly improve performance and has been removed;
the <span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> options are now
deprecated.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
In place of the acache, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> can now use
a glue cache to speed up retrieval of glue records when sending
delegation responses. Unlike acache, this feature is on by
default; use <span class="command"><strong>glue-cache no;</strong></span> to disable it.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span>
and <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-auth</strong></span> options have been
deprecated.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>minimal-responses</strong></span> is now set
to <code class="literal">yes</code> by default.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Several functions have been refactored to improve
performance, including name compression, owner name
case restoration, hashing, and buffers.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Several areas of code have been refactored for improved
readability, maintainability, and testability:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> query logic implemented in
<span class="command"><strong>query_find()</strong></span> has been split into
smaller functions with a context structure to maintain state
between them, and extensive comments have been added.
[RT #43929]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Similarly the iterative query logic implemented in
<span class="command"><strong>resquery_response()</strong></span> function has been
split into smaller functions and comments added. [RT #45362]
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Code implementing name server query processing has been moved
from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to an external library,
<span class="command"><strong>libns</strong></span>. This will make it easier to
write unit tests for the code, or to link it into new tools.
[RT #45186]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> can now synthesize NXDOMAIN responses
from cached DNSSEC-verified records returned in negative or
wildcard responses. This will reduce query loads on
authoritative servers for signed domains: if existing cached
records can be used by the resolver to determine that a name does
not exist in the authorittive domain, then no query needs to
be sent.
</p>
<p>
This behavior is controlled by the new
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> option
<span class="command"><strong>synth-from-dnssec</strong></span>. It is enabled by
default.
</p>
<p>
Note: This initial implementation can only synthesize NXDOMAIN
responses, from NSEC records. Support for NODATA responses,
wilcard responses, and NSEC3 records will be added soon.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The DNS Response Policy Service (DNSRPS) API, a mechanism to
allow <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to use an external response policy
provider, is now supported. (One example of such a provider is
"FastRPZ" from Farsight Security, Inc.) This allows the same
types of policy filtering as standard RPZ, but can reduce the
workload for <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>, particularly when using
large and frequently-updated policy zones. It also enables
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to share response policy providers
with other DNS implementations such as Unbound.
</p>
<p>
This feature is avaiable if BIND is built with
<span class="command"><strong>configure --enable-dnsrps</strong></span>, if a DNSRPS
provider is installed, and if <span class="command"><strong>dnsrps-enable</strong></span>
is set to "yes" in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. Standard
built-in RPZ is used otherwise.
</p>
<p>
Thanks to Vernon Schryver and Farsight Security for the
contribution. [RT #43376]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Setting <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> to
<code class="literal">default</code> limits journal sizes to twice the
size of the zone contents. This can be overridden by setting
<span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> to <code class="literal">unlimited</code>
or to an explicit value up to 2G. Thanks to Tony Finch for
the contribution. [RT #38324]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> logfiles can now be configured to
automatically roll when they reach a specified size. If
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span> is configured with mode
<code class="literal">file</code>, then it can take optional
<span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span>
key-value arguments to set the logfile rolling parameters.
(These have the same semantics as the corresponding
options in a <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> channel statement.)
[RT #44502]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Logging channels and <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span> files can
now be configured with a <span class="command"><strong>suffix</strong></span> option,
set to either <code class="literal">increment</code> or
<code class="literal">timestamp</code>, indicating whether log files
should be given incrementing suffixes when they roll
over (e.g., <code class="filename">logfile.0</code>,
<code class="filename">.1</code>, <code class="filename">.2</code>, etc)
or suffixes indicating the time of the roll. The default
is <code class="literal">increment</code>. [RT #42838]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <code class="option">print-time</code> option in the
<code class="option">logging</code> configuration can now take arguments
<strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>iso8601</code></strong> or
<strong class="userinput"><code>iso8601-utc</code></strong> to indicate the format in
which the date and time should be logged. For backward
compatibility, <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> is a synonym for
<strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong>. [RT #42585]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> now accepts
command line options <span class="command"><strong>-4</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>-6</strong></span>
which force using only IPv4 or only IPv6, respectively. [RT #45632]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>nsec3hash -r</strong></span> ("rdata order") takes arguments
in the same order as they appear in NSEC3 or NSEC3PARAM records.
This makes it easier to generate an NSEC3 hash using values cut
and pasted from an existing record. Thanks to Tony Finch for
the contribution. [RT #45183]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>new-zones-directory</strong></span> option allows
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to store configuration parameters
for zones added via <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span> in a
location other than the working directory. Thanks to Petr
Men&#353;ík of Red Hat for the contribution.
[RT #44853]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read -x</strong></span> option prints a hex
dump of the wire format DNS message encapsulated in each
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> log entry. [RT #44816]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>host -A</strong></span> option returns most
records for a name, but omits types RRSIG, NSEC and NSEC3.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dig +ednsopt</strong></span> now accepts the names
for EDNS options in addition to numeric values. For example,
an EDNS Client-Subnet option could be sent using
<span class="command"><strong>dig +ednsopt=ecs:...</strong></span>. Thanks to
John Worley of Secure64 for the contribution. [RT #44461]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Added support for the EDNS TCP Keepalive option (RFC 7828);
this allows negotiation of longer-lived TCP sessions
to reduce the overhead of setting up TCP for individual
queries. [RT #42126]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Added support for the EDNS Padding option (RFC 7830),
which obfuscates packet size analysis when DNS queries
are sent over an encrypted channel. [RT #42094]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> commands which refer to zone names
can now reference a zone of type <span class="command"><strong>redirect</strong></span>
by using the special zone name "-redirect". (Previously this
was not possible because <span class="command"><strong>redirect</strong></span> zones
always have the name ".", which can be ambiguous.)
</p>
<p>
In the event you need to manipulate a zone actually
called "-redirect", use a trailing dot: "-redirect."
</p>
<p>
Note: This change does not appply to the
<span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span> or
<span class="command"><strong>rndc modzone</strong></span> commands.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>named-checkconf -l</strong></span> lists the zones found
in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. [RT #43154]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Query logging now includes the ECS option, if one was
present in the query, in the format
"[ECS <em class="replaceable"><code>address/source/scope</code></em>]".
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="proto_changes"></a>Protocol Changes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
BIND can now use the Ed25519 and Ed448 Edwards Curve DNSSEC
signing algorithms described in RFC 8080. Note, however, that
these algorithms must be supported in OpenSSL;
currently they are only available in the development branch
of OpenSSL at
<a class="link" href="https://github.com/openssl/openssl" target="_top">https://github.com/openssl/openssl</a>.
[RT #44696]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
EDNS KEY TAG options are verified and printed.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_changes"></a>Feature Changes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The lightweight resolver daemon and library (<span class="command"><strong>lwresd</strong></span>
and <span class="command"><strong>liblwres</strong></span>) have been removed. [RT #45186]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span> no longer has default
algorithm settings. It is necessary to explicitly specify the
algorithm on the command line with the <code class="option">-a</code> option
when generating keys. This may cause errors with existing signing
scripts if they rely on current defaults. The intent is to
reduce the long-term cost of transitioning to newer algorithms in
the event of RSASHA1 being deprecated. [RT #44755]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dig +sigchase</strong></span> and related options
<span class="command"><strong>+trusted-keys</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>+topdown</strong></span>
have been removed. <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> is now the recommended
command for looking up records with DNSSEC validation.
[RT #42793]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The Response Policy Zone (RPZ) implementation has been
substantially refactored: updates to the RPZ summary
database are no longer directly performed by the zone
database but by a separate function that is called when
a policy zone is updated. This improves both performance
and reliability when policy zones receive frequent updates.
Summary database updates can be rate-limited by using the
<span class="command"><strong>min-update-interval</strong></span> option in a
<span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> statement. [RT #43449]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> now stores both the local and remote
addresses for all messages, instead of only the remote address.
The default output format for <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read</strong></span> has
been updated to include these addresses, with the initiating
address first and the responding address second, separated by
"-%gt;" or "%lt;-" to indicate in which direction the message
was sent. [RT #43595]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Expanded and improved the YAML output from
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read -y</strong></span>: it now includes packet
size and a detailed breakdown of message contents.
[RT #43622] [RT #43642]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Threads in <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> are now set to human-readable
names to assist debugging on operating systems that support that.
Threads will have names such as "isc-timer", "isc-sockmgr",
"isc-worker0001", and so on. This will affect the reporting of
subsidiary thread names in <span class="command"><strong>ps</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>top</strong></span>, but not the main thread. [RT #43234]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If an ACL is specified with an address prefix in which the
prefix length is longer than the address portion (for example,
192.0.2.1/8), it will now be treated as a fatal error during
configuration. [RT #43367]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> now warns about .local queries which are
reserved for Multicast DNS. [RT #44783]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The view associated with the query is now logged unless it
it is "_default/IN" or "_dnsclient/IN" when logging DNSSEC
validator messages.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Multiple <span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span> clauses are now
supported. The first <span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span> in
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> is used to generate new
server cookies. Any others are used to accept old server
cookies or those generated by other servers using the
matching <span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span>.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_bugs"></a>Bug Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
None.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="end_of_life"></a>End of Life</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The end of life for BIND 9.12 is yet to be determined but
will not be before BIND 9.14.0 has been released for 6 months.
<a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_thanks"></a>Thank You</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible.
If you would like to contribute to ISC to assist us in continuing to
make quality open source software, please visit our donations page at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/donate/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/donate/</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></body>
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This is a summary of the named.conf options supported by
this version of BIND 9.
acl <string> { <address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
controls {
inet ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> |
* ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] allow
{ <address_match_element>; ... } [
keys { <string>; ... } ] [ read-only
<boolean> ]; // may occur multiple times
unix <quoted_string> perm <integer>
owner <integer> group <integer> [
keys { <string>; ... } ] [ read-only
<boolean> ]; // may occur multiple times
}; // may occur multiple times
dlz <string> {
database <string>;
search <boolean>;
}; // may occur multiple times
dyndb <string> <quoted_string> {
<unspecified-text> }; // may occur multiple times
key <string> {
algorithm <string>;
secret <string>;
}; // may occur multiple times
logging {
category <string> { <string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
channel <string> {
buffered <boolean>;
file <quoted_string> [ versions ( unlimited | <integer> ) ]
[ size <size> ] [ suffix ( increment | timestamp ) ];
null;
print-category <boolean>;
print-severity <boolean>;
print-time ( iso8601 | iso8601-utc | local | <boolean> );
severity <log_severity>;
stderr;
syslog [ <syslog_facility> ];
}; // may occur multiple times
};
lwres { <unspecified-text> }; // obsolete, may occur multiple times
managed-keys { <string> <string> <integer>
<integer> <integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
masters <string> [ port <integer> ] [ dscp
<integer> ] { ( <masters> | <ipv4_address> [
port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... }; // may occur multiple times
options {
acache-cleaning-interval <integer>; // obsolete
acache-enable <boolean>; // obsolete
additional-from-auth <boolean>; // obsolete
additional-from-cache <boolean>; // obsolete
allow-new-zones <boolean>;
allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-cache { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-cache-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-recursion { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-recursion-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-transfer { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-v6-synthesis { <address_match_element>; ... }; // obsolete
also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> |
<ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
alt-transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
alt-transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
attach-cache <string>;
auth-nxdomain <boolean>; // default changed
auto-dnssec ( allow | maintain | off );
automatic-interface-scan <boolean>;
avoid-v4-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... };
avoid-v6-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... };
bindkeys-file <quoted_string>;
blackhole { <address_match_element>; ... };
cache-file <quoted_string>;
catalog-zones { zone <quoted_string> [ default-masters [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> | <ipv4_address> [
port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key
<string> ]; ... } ] [ zone-directory <quoted_string> ] [
in-memory <boolean> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ]; ... };
check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-integrity <boolean>;
check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-names ( master | slave | response
) ( fail | warn | ignore ); // may occur multiple times
check-sibling <boolean>;
check-spf ( warn | ignore );
check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-wildcard <boolean>;
cleaning-interval <integer>;
clients-per-query <integer>;
cookie-algorithm ( aes | sha1 | sha256 );
cookie-secret <string>; // may occur multiple times
coresize ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
datasize ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
deallocate-on-exit <boolean>; // obsolete
deny-answer-addresses { <address_match_element>; ... } [
except-from { <quoted_string>; ... } ];
deny-answer-aliases { <quoted_string>; ... } [ except-from {
<quoted_string>; ... } ];
dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> );
directory <quoted_string>;
disable-algorithms <string> { <string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
disable-ds-digests <string> { <string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
disable-empty-zone <string>; // may occur multiple times
dns64 <netprefix> {
break-dnssec <boolean>;
clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
exclude { <address_match_element>; ... };
mapped { <address_match_element>; ... };
recursive-only <boolean>;
suffix <ipv6_address>;
}; // may occur multiple times
dns64-contact <string>;
dns64-server <string>;
dnsrps-enable <boolean>; // not configured
dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text> }; // not configured
dnssec-accept-expired <boolean>;
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>;
dnssec-enable <boolean>;
dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
dnssec-lookaside ( <string> trust-anchor
<string> | auto | no ); // may occur multiple times
dnssec-must-be-secure <string> <boolean>; // may occur multiple times
dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>;
dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign );
dnssec-validation ( yes | no | auto );
dnstap { ( all | auth | client | forwarder |
resolver ) [ ( query | response ) ]; ... }; // not configured
dnstap-identity ( <quoted_string> | none |
hostname ); // not configured
dnstap-output ( file | unix ) <quoted_string> [
size ( unlimited | <size> ) ] [ versions (
unlimited | <integer> ) ] [ suffix ( increment
| timestamp ) ]; // not configured
dnstap-version ( <quoted_string> | none ); // not configured
dscp <integer>;
dual-stack-servers [ port <integer> ] { ( <quoted_string> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] | <ipv4_address> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] ); ... };
dump-file <quoted_string>;
edns-udp-size <integer>;
empty-contact <string>;
empty-server <string>;
empty-zones-enable <boolean>;
fake-iquery <boolean>; // obsolete
fetch-glue <boolean>; // obsolete
fetch-quota-params <integer> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint>;
fetches-per-server <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
fetches-per-zone <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
files ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
filter-aaaa { <address_match_element>; ... }; // not configured
filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( break-dnssec | <boolean> ); // not configured
filter-aaaa-on-v6 ( break-dnssec | <boolean> ); // not configured
flush-zones-on-shutdown <boolean>;
forward ( first | only );
forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <ipv4_address>
| <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ]; ... };
fstrm-set-buffer-hint <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-flush-timeout <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-input-queue-size <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-output-notify-threshold <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-output-queue-model ( mpsc | spsc ); // not configured
fstrm-set-output-queue-size <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-reopen-interval <integer>; // not configured
geoip-directory ( <quoted_string> | none ); // not configured
geoip-use-ecs <boolean>; // not configured
glue-cache <boolean>;
has-old-clients <boolean>; // obsolete
heartbeat-interval <integer>;
host-statistics <boolean>; // not implemented
host-statistics-max <integer>; // not implemented
hostname ( <quoted_string> | none );
inline-signing <boolean>;
interface-interval <integer>;
ixfr-from-differences ( master | slave | <boolean> );
keep-response-order { <address_match_element>; ... };
key-directory <quoted_string>;
lame-ttl <ttlval>;
listen-on [ port <integer> ] [ dscp
<integer> ] {
<address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
listen-on-v6 [ port <integer> ] [ dscp
<integer> ] {
<address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
lmdb-mapsize <sizeval>; // non-operational
lock-file ( <quoted_string> | none );
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
managed-keys-directory <quoted_string>;
masterfile-format ( map | raw | text );
masterfile-style ( full | relative );
match-mapped-addresses <boolean>;
max-acache-size ( unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-cache-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> | <percentage> );
max-cache-ttl <integer>;
max-clients-per-query <integer>;
max-ixfr-log-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
max-ncache-ttl <integer>;
max-records <integer>;
max-recursion-depth <integer>;
max-recursion-queries <integer>;
max-refresh-time <integer>;
max-retry-time <integer>;
max-rsa-exponent-size <integer>;
max-stale-ttl <ttlval>;
max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
max-udp-size <integer>;
max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <ttlval> );
memstatistics <boolean>;
memstatistics-file <quoted_string>;
message-compression <boolean>;
min-refresh-time <integer>;
min-retry-time <integer>;
min-roots <integer>; // not implemented
minimal-any <boolean>;
minimal-responses ( no-auth | no-auth-recursive | <boolean> );
multi-master <boolean>;
multiple-cnames <boolean>; // obsolete
named-xfer <quoted_string>; // obsolete
new-zones-directory <quoted_string>;
no-case-compress { <address_match_element>; ... };
nocookie-udp-size <integer>;
nosit-udp-size <integer>; // obsolete
notify ( explicit | master-only | <boolean> );
notify-delay <integer>;
notify-rate <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ]
[ dscp <integer> ];
notify-to-soa <boolean>;
nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
nta-lifetime <ttlval>;
nta-recheck <ttlval>;
nxdomain-redirect <string>;
pid-file ( <quoted_string> | none );
port <integer>;
preferred-glue <string>;
prefetch <integer> [ <integer> ];
provide-ixfr <boolean>;
query-source ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
query-source-v6 ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
querylog <boolean>;
queryport-pool-ports <integer>; // obsolete
queryport-pool-updateinterval <integer>; // obsolete
random-device <quoted_string>;
rate-limit {
all-per-second <integer>;
errors-per-second <integer>;
exempt-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
ipv4-prefix-length <integer>;
ipv6-prefix-length <integer>;
log-only <boolean>;
max-table-size <integer>;
min-table-size <integer>;
nodata-per-second <integer>;
nxdomains-per-second <integer>;
qps-scale <integer>;
referrals-per-second <integer>;
responses-per-second <integer>;
slip <integer>;
window <integer>;
};
recursing-file <quoted_string>;
recursion <boolean>;
recursive-clients <integer>;
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
request-nsid <boolean>;
request-sit <boolean>; // obsolete
require-server-cookie <boolean>;
reserved-sockets <integer>;
resolver-nonbackoff-tries <integer>;
resolver-query-timeout <integer>;
resolver-retry-interval <integer>;
response-padding { <address_match_element>; ... } block-size
<integer>;
response-policy { zone <quoted_string> [ log <boolean> ] [
max-policy-ttl <integer> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ] [
policy ( cname | disabled | drop | given | no-op | nodata |
nxdomain | passthru | tcp-only <quoted_string> ) ] [
recursive-only <boolean> ] [ nsip-enable <boolean> ] [
nsdname-enable <boolean> ]; ... } [ break-dnssec <boolean> ] [
max-policy-ttl <integer> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ] [
min-ns-dots <integer> ] [ nsip-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [
qname-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ recursive-only <boolean> ] [
nsip-enable <boolean> ] [ nsdname-enable <boolean> ] [
dnsrps-enable <boolean> ] [ dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text>
} ];
rfc2308-type1 <boolean>; // not yet implemented
root-delegation-only [ exclude { <quoted_string>; ... } ];
rrset-order { [ class <string> ] [ type <string> ] [ name
<quoted_string> ] <string> <string>; ... };
secroots-file <quoted_string>;
send-cookie <boolean>;
serial-queries <integer>; // obsolete
serial-query-rate <integer>;
serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
server-id ( <quoted_string> | none | hostname );
servfail-ttl <ttlval>;
session-keyalg <string>;
session-keyfile ( <quoted_string> | none );
session-keyname <string>;
sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
sig-signing-type <integer>;
sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ];
sit-secret <string>; // obsolete
sortlist { <address_match_element>; ... };
stacksize ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
stale-answer-enable <boolean>;
stale-answer-ttl <ttlval>;
startup-notify-rate <integer>;
statistics-file <quoted_string>;
statistics-interval <integer>; // not yet implemented
suppress-initial-notify <boolean>; // not yet implemented
synth-from-dnssec <boolean>;
tcp-advertised-timeout <integer>;
tcp-clients <integer>;
tcp-idle-timeout <integer>;
tcp-initial-timeout <integer>;
tcp-keepalive-timeout <integer>;
tcp-listen-queue <integer>;
tkey-dhkey <quoted_string> <integer>;
tkey-domain <quoted_string>;
tkey-gssapi-credential <quoted_string>;
tkey-gssapi-keytab <quoted_string>;
topology { <address_match_element>; ... }; // not implemented
transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
transfer-message-size <integer>;
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfers-in <integer>;
transfers-out <integer>;
transfers-per-ns <integer>;
treat-cr-as-space <boolean>; // obsolete
trust-anchor-telemetry <boolean>; // experimental
try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
update-check-ksk <boolean>;
use-alt-transfer-source <boolean>;
use-id-pool <boolean>; // obsolete
use-ixfr <boolean>; // obsolete
use-queryport-pool <boolean>; // obsolete
use-v4-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... };
use-v6-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... };
v6-bias <integer>;
version ( <quoted_string> | none );
zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <boolean>;
zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
};
server <netprefix> {
bogus <boolean>;
edns <boolean>;
edns-udp-size <integer>;
edns-version <integer>;
keys <server_key>;
max-udp-size <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ]
[ dscp <integer> ];
padding <integer>;
provide-ixfr <boolean>;
query-source ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
query-source-v6 ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
request-nsid <boolean>;
request-sit <boolean>; // obsolete
send-cookie <boolean>;
support-ixfr <boolean>; // obsolete
tcp-keepalive <boolean>;
tcp-only <boolean>;
transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfers <integer>;
}; // may occur multiple times
statistics-channels {
inet ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> |
* ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
allow { <address_match_element>; ...
} ]; // may occur multiple times
}; // may occur multiple times
trusted-keys { <string> <integer> <integer>
<integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
view <string> [ <class> ] {
acache-cleaning-interval <integer>; // obsolete
acache-enable <boolean>; // obsolete
additional-from-auth <boolean>; // obsolete
additional-from-cache <boolean>; // obsolete
allow-new-zones <boolean>;
allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-cache { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-cache-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-recursion { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-recursion-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-transfer { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-v6-synthesis { <address_match_element>; ... }; // obsolete
also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> |
<ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
alt-transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
alt-transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
attach-cache <string>;
auth-nxdomain <boolean>; // default changed
auto-dnssec ( allow | maintain | off );
cache-file <quoted_string>;
catalog-zones { zone <quoted_string> [ default-masters [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> | <ipv4_address> [
port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key
<string> ]; ... } ] [ zone-directory <quoted_string> ] [
in-memory <boolean> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ]; ... };
check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-integrity <boolean>;
check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-names ( master | slave | response
) ( fail | warn | ignore ); // may occur multiple times
check-sibling <boolean>;
check-spf ( warn | ignore );
check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-wildcard <boolean>;
cleaning-interval <integer>;
clients-per-query <integer>;
deny-answer-addresses { <address_match_element>; ... } [
except-from { <quoted_string>; ... } ];
deny-answer-aliases { <quoted_string>; ... } [ except-from {
<quoted_string>; ... } ];
dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> );
disable-algorithms <string> { <string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
disable-ds-digests <string> { <string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
disable-empty-zone <string>; // may occur multiple times
dlz <string> {
database <string>;
search <boolean>;
}; // may occur multiple times
dns64 <netprefix> {
break-dnssec <boolean>;
clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
exclude { <address_match_element>; ... };
mapped { <address_match_element>; ... };
recursive-only <boolean>;
suffix <ipv6_address>;
}; // may occur multiple times
dns64-contact <string>;
dns64-server <string>;
dnsrps-enable <boolean>; // not configured
dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text> }; // not configured
dnssec-accept-expired <boolean>;
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>;
dnssec-enable <boolean>;
dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
dnssec-lookaside ( <string> trust-anchor
<string> | auto | no ); // may occur multiple times
dnssec-must-be-secure <string> <boolean>; // may occur multiple times
dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>;
dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign );
dnssec-validation ( yes | no | auto );
dnstap { ( all | auth | client | forwarder |
resolver ) [ ( query | response ) ]; ... }; // not configured
dual-stack-servers [ port <integer> ] { ( <quoted_string> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] | <ipv4_address> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] ); ... };
dyndb <string> <quoted_string> {
<unspecified-text> }; // may occur multiple times
edns-udp-size <integer>;
empty-contact <string>;
empty-server <string>;
empty-zones-enable <boolean>;
fetch-glue <boolean>; // obsolete
fetch-quota-params <integer> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint>;
fetches-per-server <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
fetches-per-zone <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
filter-aaaa { <address_match_element>; ... }; // not configured
filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( break-dnssec | <boolean> ); // not configured
filter-aaaa-on-v6 ( break-dnssec | <boolean> ); // not configured
forward ( first | only );
forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <ipv4_address>
| <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ]; ... };
glue-cache <boolean>;
inline-signing <boolean>;
ixfr-from-differences ( master | slave | <boolean> );
key <string> {
algorithm <string>;
secret <string>;
}; // may occur multiple times
key-directory <quoted_string>;
lame-ttl <ttlval>;
lmdb-mapsize <sizeval>; // non-operational
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
managed-keys { <string> <string>
<integer> <integer> <integer>
<quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
masterfile-format ( map | raw | text );
masterfile-style ( full | relative );
match-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
match-destinations { <address_match_element>; ... };
match-recursive-only <boolean>;
max-acache-size ( unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-cache-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> | <percentage> );
max-cache-ttl <integer>;
max-clients-per-query <integer>;
max-ixfr-log-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
max-ncache-ttl <integer>;
max-records <integer>;
max-recursion-depth <integer>;
max-recursion-queries <integer>;
max-refresh-time <integer>;
max-retry-time <integer>;
max-stale-ttl <ttlval>;
max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
max-udp-size <integer>;
max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <ttlval> );
message-compression <boolean>;
min-refresh-time <integer>;
min-retry-time <integer>;
min-roots <integer>; // not implemented
minimal-any <boolean>;
minimal-responses ( no-auth | no-auth-recursive | <boolean> );
multi-master <boolean>;
new-zones-directory <quoted_string>;
no-case-compress { <address_match_element>; ... };
nocookie-udp-size <integer>;
nosit-udp-size <integer>; // obsolete
notify ( explicit | master-only | <boolean> );
notify-delay <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ]
[ dscp <integer> ];
notify-to-soa <boolean>;
nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
nta-lifetime <ttlval>;
nta-recheck <ttlval>;
nxdomain-redirect <string>;
preferred-glue <string>;
prefetch <integer> [ <integer> ];
provide-ixfr <boolean>;
query-source ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
query-source-v6 ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
queryport-pool-ports <integer>; // obsolete
queryport-pool-updateinterval <integer>; // obsolete
rate-limit {
all-per-second <integer>;
errors-per-second <integer>;
exempt-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
ipv4-prefix-length <integer>;
ipv6-prefix-length <integer>;
log-only <boolean>;
max-table-size <integer>;
min-table-size <integer>;
nodata-per-second <integer>;
nxdomains-per-second <integer>;
qps-scale <integer>;
referrals-per-second <integer>;
responses-per-second <integer>;
slip <integer>;
window <integer>;
};
recursion <boolean>;
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
request-nsid <boolean>;
request-sit <boolean>; // obsolete
require-server-cookie <boolean>;
resolver-nonbackoff-tries <integer>;
resolver-query-timeout <integer>;
resolver-retry-interval <integer>;
response-padding { <address_match_element>; ... } block-size
<integer>;
response-policy { zone <quoted_string> [ log <boolean> ] [
max-policy-ttl <integer> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ] [
policy ( cname | disabled | drop | given | no-op | nodata |
nxdomain | passthru | tcp-only <quoted_string> ) ] [
recursive-only <boolean> ] [ nsip-enable <boolean> ] [
nsdname-enable <boolean> ]; ... } [ break-dnssec <boolean> ] [
max-policy-ttl <integer> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ] [
min-ns-dots <integer> ] [ nsip-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [
qname-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ recursive-only <boolean> ] [
nsip-enable <boolean> ] [ nsdname-enable <boolean> ] [
dnsrps-enable <boolean> ] [ dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text>
} ];
rfc2308-type1 <boolean>; // not yet implemented
root-delegation-only [ exclude { <quoted_string>; ... } ];
rrset-order { [ class <string> ] [ type <string> ] [ name
<quoted_string> ] <string> <string>; ... };
send-cookie <boolean>;
serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
server <netprefix> {
bogus <boolean>;
edns <boolean>;
edns-udp-size <integer>;
edns-version <integer>;
keys <server_key>;
max-udp-size <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | *
) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer>
| * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
padding <integer>;
provide-ixfr <boolean>;
query-source ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port
( <integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] (
<ipv4_address> | * ) ] port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [
dscp <integer> ];
query-source-v6 ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [
port ( <integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] (
<ipv6_address> | * ) ] port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [
dscp <integer> ];
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
request-nsid <boolean>;
request-sit <boolean>; // obsolete
send-cookie <boolean>;
support-ixfr <boolean>; // obsolete
tcp-keepalive <boolean>;
tcp-only <boolean>;
transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfers <integer>;
}; // may occur multiple times
servfail-ttl <ttlval>;
sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
sig-signing-type <integer>;
sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ];
sortlist { <address_match_element>; ... };
stale-answer-enable <boolean>;
stale-answer-ttl <ttlval>;
suppress-initial-notify <boolean>; // not yet implemented
synth-from-dnssec <boolean>;
topology { <address_match_element>; ... }; // not implemented
transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
trust-anchor-telemetry <boolean>; // experimental
trusted-keys { <string> <integer>
<integer> <integer> <quoted_string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
update-check-ksk <boolean>;
use-alt-transfer-source <boolean>;
use-queryport-pool <boolean>; // obsolete
v6-bias <integer>;
zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <boolean>;
zone <string> [ <class> ] {
allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-transfer { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { (
<masters> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] |
<ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ];
... };
alt-transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
alt-transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
auto-dnssec ( allow | maintain | off );
check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-integrity <boolean>;
check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-sibling <boolean>;
check-spf ( warn | ignore );
check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-wildcard <boolean>;
database <string>;
delegation-only <boolean>;
dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh |
<boolean> );
dlz <string>;
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>;
dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>;
dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign );
file <quoted_string>;
forward ( first | only );
forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { (
<ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [
dscp <integer> ]; ... };
in-view <string>;
inline-signing <boolean>;
ixfr-base <quoted_string>; // obsolete
ixfr-from-differences <boolean>;
ixfr-tmp-file <quoted_string>; // obsolete
journal <quoted_string>;
key-directory <quoted_string>;
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
masterfile-format ( map | raw | text );
masterfile-style ( full | relative );
masters [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters>
| <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [
port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
max-ixfr-log-size ( default | unlimited |
<sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
max-records <integer>;
max-refresh-time <integer>;
max-retry-time <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <ttlval> );
min-refresh-time <integer>;
min-retry-time <integer>;
multi-master <boolean>;
notify ( explicit | master-only | <boolean> );
notify-delay <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | *
) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer>
| * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
notify-to-soa <boolean>;
nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
pubkey <integer>
<integer>
<integer>
<quoted_string>; // obsolete, may occur multiple times
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
server-addresses { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [
port <integer> ]; ... };
server-names { <quoted_string>; ... };
sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
sig-signing-type <integer>;
sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ];
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
type ( delegation-only | forward | hint | master | redirect
| slave | static-stub | stub );
update-check-ksk <boolean>;
update-policy ( local | { ( deny | grant ) <string> (
6to4-self | external | krb5-self | krb5-subdomain |
ms-self | ms-subdomain | name | self | selfsub |
selfwild | subdomain | tcp-self | wildcard | zonesub )
[ <string> ] <rrtypelist>; ... };
use-alt-transfer-source <boolean>;
zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
}; // may occur multiple times
zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
}; // may occur multiple times
zone <string> [ <class> ] {
allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-transfer { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> |
<ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
alt-transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
alt-transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
auto-dnssec ( allow | maintain | off );
check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-integrity <boolean>;
check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-sibling <boolean>;
check-spf ( warn | ignore );
check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-wildcard <boolean>;
database <string>;
delegation-only <boolean>;
dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> );
dlz <string>;
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>;
dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>;
dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign );
file <quoted_string>;
forward ( first | only );
forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <ipv4_address>
| <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ]; ... };
in-view <string>;
inline-signing <boolean>;
ixfr-base <quoted_string>; // obsolete
ixfr-from-differences <boolean>;
ixfr-tmp-file <quoted_string>; // obsolete
journal <quoted_string>;
key-directory <quoted_string>;
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
masterfile-format ( map | raw | text );
masterfile-style ( full | relative );
masters [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> |
<ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
max-ixfr-log-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
max-records <integer>;
max-refresh-time <integer>;
max-retry-time <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <ttlval> );
min-refresh-time <integer>;
min-retry-time <integer>;
multi-master <boolean>;
notify ( explicit | master-only | <boolean> );
notify-delay <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ]
[ dscp <integer> ];
notify-to-soa <boolean>;
nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
pubkey <integer> <integer>
<integer> <quoted_string>; // obsolete, may occur multiple times
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
server-addresses { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port
<integer> ]; ... };
server-names { <quoted_string>; ... };
sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
sig-signing-type <integer>;
sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ];
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
type ( delegation-only | forward | hint | master | redirect | slave
| static-stub | stub );
update-check-ksk <boolean>;
update-policy ( local | { ( deny | grant ) <string> ( 6to4-self |
external | krb5-self | krb5-subdomain | ms-self | ms-subdomain
| name | self | selfsub | selfwild | subdomain | tcp-self |
wildcard | zonesub ) [ <string> ] <rrtypelist>; ... };
use-alt-transfer-source <boolean>;
zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
}; // may occur multiple times